Changing the fine structure aluminum alloys under intensive plastic deformation

This chapter shows the experimental data on the effect of different methods of plastic deformation on the evolution of structural and phase transformations in the AMC and AMG6 alloys

Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes of carbonates in lake sediments as a paleoflood proxy

Lake sediments are increasingly explored as reliable paleoflood archives. In addition to established flood proxies including detrital layer thickness, chemical composition, and grain size, we explore stable oxygen and carbon isotope data as paleoflood proxies for lakes in catchments with carbonate bedrock geology. In a case study from Lake Mondsee (Austria), we integrate high-resolution sediment trapping at a proximal and a distal location and stable isotope analyses of varved lake sediments to investigate flood-triggered detrital sediment flux. First, we demonstrate a relation between runoff, detrital sediment flux, and isotope values in the sediment trap record covering the period 2011–2013 CE including 22 events with daily (hourly) peak runoff ranging from 10 (24) m3 s−1 to 79 (110) m3 s−1. The three- to ten-fold lower flood-triggered detrital sediment deposition in the distal trap is well reflected by attenuated peaks in the stable isotope values of trapped sediments. Next, we show that all nine flood-triggered detrital layers deposited in a sediment record from 1988 to 2013 have elevated isotope values compared with endogenic calcite. In addition, even two runoff events that did not cause the deposition of visible detrital layers are distinguished by higher isotope values. Empirical thresholds in the isotope data allow estimation of magnitudes of the majority of floods, although in some cases flood magnitudes are overestimated because local effects can result in too-high isotope values. Hence we present a proof of concept for stable isotopes as reliable tool for reconstructing flood frequency and, although with some limitations, even for flood magnitudes

Rate and predictors for non-attendance of patients undergoing hospital outpatient treatment for chronic diseases: a register-based cohort study.

Failure to keep medical appointments results in inefficiencies and, potentially, in poor outcomes for patients. The aim of this study is to describe non-attendance rate and to investigate predictors of non-attendance among patients receiving hospital outpatient treatment for chronic diseases. We conducted a historic, register-based cohort study using data from a regional hospital and included patients aged 18 years or over who were registered in ongoing outpatient treatment courses for seven selected chronic diseases on July 1, 2013. A total of 5895 patients were included and information about their appointments was extracted from the period between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2015. The outcome measure was occurrence of non-attendance. The associations between non-attendance and covariates (age, gender, marital status, education level, occupational status, specific chronic disease and number of outpatient treatment courses) were investigated using multivariate logistic regression models, including mixed effect. During the two-year period, 35% of all patients (2057 of 5895 patients) had one or more occurrences of non-attendance and 5% of all appointments (4393 of 82,989 appointments) resulted in non-attendance. Significant predictors for non-attendance were younger age (OR 4.17 for 18 ≤ 29 years as opposed to 80+ years), male gender (OR 1.35), unmarried status (OR 1.39), low educational level (OR 1.18) and receipt of long-term welfare payments (OR 1.48). Neither specific diseases nor number of treatment courses were associated with a higher non-attendance rate. Patients undergoing hospital outpatient treatments for chronic diseases had a non-attendance rate of 5%. We found several predictors for non-attendance but undergoing treatment for several chronic diseases simultaneously was not a predictor. To reduce non-attendance, initiatives could target the groups at risk. This study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (Project ID 18/35695 )

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents.

To assess benefits and harms of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) versus no intervention or versus other interventions for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We searched for randomized clinical trials of CBT for pediatric OCD. Primary outcomes were OCD severity, serious adverse events, and level of functioning. Secondary outcomes were quality of life and adverse events. Remission from OCD was included as an exploratory outcome. We assessed risk of bias and evaluated the certainty of the evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Nine trials (N = 645) were included comparing CBT with no intervention and 3 trials (N = 146) comparing CBT with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Compared with no intervention, CBT decreased OCD severity (mean difference [MD] = -8.51, 95% CI = -10.84 to -6.18, p < .00001, low certainty), improved level of functioning (patient-rated: standardized MD [SMD] = -0.90, 95% CI = -1.19 to -0.62, p < .00001, very low certainty; parent-rated: SMD = -0.68, 95% CI = -1.12 to -0.23, p = .003, very low certainty), had similar proportions of participants with adverse events (risk ratio = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.93-1.22, p = .39, GRADE: low certainty), and was associated with reduced risk of still having OCD (risk ratio = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.37-0.67, p < .00001, very low certainty). We had insufficient data to assess the effect of CBT versus no intervention on serious adverse events and quality of life. Compared with SSRIs, CBT led to similar decreases in OCD severity (MD = -0.75, 95% CI = -3.79 to 2.29, p = .63, GRADE: very low certainty), and was associated with similar risk of still having OCD (risk ratio = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.66-1.09, p = .20, very low certainty). We had insufficient data to assess the effect of CBT versus SSRIs on serious adverse events, level of functioning, quality of life, and adverse events. CBT may be more effective than no intervention and comparable to SSRIs for pediatric OCD, but we are very uncertain about the effect estimates

Lake Challa (Kenya/Tanzania) sediments as archive of climate and environmental variability in equatorial East Africa

Recently, an increasing number of climate records from low-latitude regions underscore the importance of tropical atmospheric processes in the global climate system. Nevertheless, the regional synchrony of temperature and humidity variations, as well as teleconnecting Mechanisms between high and low latitudes are still poorly understood.The EuroCLIMATE CHALLACEA project aims at providing a continuous high resolution multi-proxy record of temperature and moisture-balance variability in equatorial East Africa from the Last Glacial Maximum (25 ka BP) to the present.Lake Challa is located in Southern Kenya about 40 km east of Mt. Kilimanjaro at an altitude of 880 m a.s.l..The lake occupies a crater nearly two kilometres in diameter and has a surface area of 4.51 km2. This freshwater lake has a permanently stratified water column and its water budget is controlled by sub-surface in- and outflow. The sub-surface inflow derives mainly from percolation of precipitation falling in the montane forest zone, higher up on the mountain. The lacustrine deposits mainly consist of autochthonous components (organic matter, carbonate, and biogenic silica) and aeolian mineral inputs.The present study focuses on microfacies analyses and isotope measurements.Fine laminations are preserved almost continuosly in the upper part of the sediment record. Microfacies analyses revealed that the light/dark couplets represent true calcite varves. The darker layers consist of endogenic calcite precipitating in the dry season when water temperature was high and the lake was biological productive. The lighter layers reflect abundant diatoms frustules but also detrital sediments fluxes of organic and minorogenic matter. The varve chronology was established by repeated counting of varves in thin sections under a petrographic microscope.This record will be complemented by carbon and oxygen isotope measurements on the carbonate fraction of the sediments.Preliminary analyses on bulk carbonates highlighted the potential of these sediments for reconstructing past variations in temperature and precipitation.Stable isotope analyses (d18O and d13C) on bulk carbonates were carried out in the upper 5.3 m of the 22 m long profile where carbonates are present.However, the analysed samples contain different amounts of calcite and aragonite, which make it difficult to interpret the changes in stable isotope values.Therefore, for the work on isotopes, we will try to separate calcite and aragonite by sampling single homogeneous layers, chosen amongst the thickest ones. These records will possibly help reconstructing temperature changes, while changes in isotope values of aragonite will possibly be linked to changes in hydrological conditions of the lake.Finally, these data will contribute enhancing our knowledge about climate changes of highly sensitive climate region of the Mt. Kilimanjaro area

Разработка метода количественного определения воды в сотовых панелях самолетов методом ИК термографии

Проведено моделирование и экспериментальные исследования по тепловому контролю воды в авиационных сотовых панелях. Рассмотрены случаи разного расположения воды внутри ячеек и разного количества воды. Показана возможность количественной оценки скрытой воды при двухстороннем и одностороннем доступе к объекту контроля. Разработан и реализован алгоритм количественной оценки массы воды для конкретной сотовой панели.Modelling and experimental activities of TNDT jf aviation honeycomb panels are conducted. The cases of various amount and location of water ingress are considered. The possibility of quantitative evaluation of hidden water with one and two side control is illustrated. The algoritm of quantitative evaluation of hidden water content is realized