Associations of leisure-time physical activity and television viewing with life expectancy cancer-free at age 50: The ARIC study

Background: Physical activity has been associated with longer chronic disease-free life expectancy, but specific cancer types have not been investigated. We examined whether leisure-time moderate- to-vigorous physical activity (LTPA) and television (TV) viewing were associated with life expectancy cancer-free. Methods: We included 14,508 participants without a cancer history from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We used multistate survival models to separately examine associations of LTPA (no LTPA, <median, ≥median) and TV viewing (seldom/never, sometimes, often/very often) with life expectancy cancer-free at age 50 from invasive colorectal, lung, prostate, and postmenopausal breast cancer. Models were adjusted for age, gender, race, ARIC center, education, smoking, and alcohol intake. Results: Compared with no LTPA, participants who engaged in LTPA ≥median had a greater life expectancy cancer-free from colorectal [men-2.2 years (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-2.7), women-2.3 years (95% CI, 1.7-2.8)], lung [men-2.1 years (95% CI, 1.5-2.6), women-2.1 years (95% CI, 1.6-2.7)], prostate [1.5 years (95% CI, 0.8-2.2)], and postmenopausal breast cancer [2.4 years (95% CI, 1.4-3.3)]. Compared with watching TV often/very often, participants who seldom/never watched TV had a greater colorectal, lung, and postmenopausal breast cancer-free life expectancy of ∼1 year. Conclusions: Participating in LTPA was associated with longer life expectancy cancer-free from colorectal, lung, prostate, and postmenopausal breast cancer. Viewing less TV was associated with more years lived cancer-free from colorectal, lung, and postmenopausal breast cancer. Impact: Increasing physical activity and reducing TV viewing may extend the number of years lived cancer-free

Etileno glicol na criopreservação de sêmen canino Ethylene glycol on canine semen cryopreservaton

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do etileno glicol, adicionado ao meio Tris-gema, na criopreservação de sêmen canino, considerando os seus efeitos sobre a motilidade, o vigor e a morfologia espermática pré e pós-congelamento. Como doadores, utilizaram-se quatro cães da raça Pastor Alemão coletados por manipulação digital os quais no ejaculado apresentaram padrões mínimos de 90% de motilidade, cinco de vigor espermático (0 - 5) e no máximo 35% de defeitos morfológicos totais. As concentrações de etileno glicol testadas foram de 0, 25; 0,5 e 1,0M, sendo empregados como controle 0,8M de glicerol. Foram feitas cinco avaliações de motilidade e vigor, respectivamente, na obtenção da fração rica, depois da primeira diluição, ao atingir 4°C, após uma hora de estabilização a 4°C e no descongelamento. Avaliou-se a morfologia espermática em sêmen a fresco e após o descongelamento das amostras de cada tratamento. Não houve diferença na motilidade e na morfologia espermática dos grupos após o descongelamento. No vigor espermático pós- descongelamento, as concentrações de 0,25 e 0,5M de etileno glicol foram semelhantes entre si e com a concentração de 0,8M de glicerol (controle), mas diferiram da concentração de 1M, a qual apresentou vigor inferior ao controle. Conclui-se que, para a criopreservação de sêmen canino, o glicerol 0,8M pode ser substituído pelo etileno glicol nas concentrações de 0,25, 0,5 e 1,0M.<br>The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of ethylene glycol on criopreservation of canine semen, considering its possible deleterious effects upon semen motility, vigor and morphology at the pre and post freezing stages, using a tris-egg yolk extender. Four adult german shepards were used as donors. Samples were obtained by digital manipulation, and only ejaculates presenting a minimum of 90% motility and 5 (0-5) vigor and no more than 35% of total morphological defects were considered. Ethylene glycol concentrations tested were 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0M and 0.80M glycerol served as control. Motility and vigor were evaluated in the rich fraction, after first and second dilution, after 1 hour of stabilization at 4ºC and after thawing. Sperm morphology was examined in the fresh sample and after thawing in each of the treatments. There were no detectable differences among the groups in sperm motility and morphology after thawing. There were no differences in vigor among the 0.25, 0.50M ethylene glycol and the 0.8M glycerol, but the 1M ethylene glycol had lower vigor scores after thawing. We conclude that ethylene glycol can be used as a cryoprotectant in the concentration of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0M instead of glycerol