Screening of lactic acid bacteria from local dairy products for antimicrobial properties on selected multiple drug resistant clinical isolates

Probiotic bacteria were isolated from three (3) locally available commercial dairy products namely, Yakult Probiotic Drink, Nestle Cerelac Infant Cereal, and Nido 3+ Powdered Milk. Each probiotic isolate was further examined morphologically and microscopically, and were further characterized using different biochemical tests. The probiotic isolates were identified genotypically through 16S rDNA analysis. The sequences were identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). All the probiotic bacterial from the three dairy products were identified to be Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus paracasei. The 16S rDNA sequencing results were not able to distinguish between the two species. The probiotic bacteria were established to have antimicrobial activities using the agar overlay method. Test organisms used were the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a strain of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The probiotics inhibited the growth of all the tested multiple drug resistant strains

The relationship between visual acuity impairment and studying medicine among second year medical students of DLSHSI College of Medicine A.Y. 2016-2017

The study used a case-control type of research design, wherein the baseline data that was used were the results of the physical examination specially the visual acuity part during the first year of medical school. Non-probability purposive sampling was utilized. All of the second-year medical students were asked permission via consent form with regard to reviewing their chart. Based on the McNemar test results, it can be said that there was an association between studying medicine and the development of visual acuity impairment. Furthermore, the odds ratio of 2.16 indicated that there was a causative relationship between visual acuity impairment and studying medicine