Gender inequality and academic freedom in Pakistani higher education

Academic freedom and the right to express one’s views in higher education (HE) are important for faculty and students alike, so enabling intellectual integrity and professional autonomy. However, this might not be the case for female academics in countries where females are marginalised, and their opinions are dominated and limited by the society and culture. Gender inequality and how it negatively influences the opportunities available for females to progress is a universal issue; however, although initiatives designed to tackle this problem are being seen to result in gradual improvement internationally, particularly in industrial countries, the situation in developing countries remains a concern. In developing countries, women tend to be either absent from many organisations or exist at the margins of organisational life with the result that they have fewer opportunities for development or career progression. This has a negative impact on the growth and development of a country at national level, particularly when there has been investment in female education from an earlier stage. It would seem that this certainly is the case in Pakistan where cultural norms intertwine with organisational politics thus militating against female employees. The experiences and issues discussed in this chapter highlight the social barriers faced by female academics in HE that have a significant impact on their academic freedom and expression

EEC policies and the public sector in Scotland

6.40SIGLELD:6509.058(32) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Modernisation of non-traditional housing of the 1944-55 period

SIGLELD:6509.058(33) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

The planning exchange: Scotland: A guide to its organisation and services

SIGLELD:81/3299(Planning) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Direct labour organisations The effects of part 3 of the Local Government Planning and Land Act 1980

SIGLELD:6509.058(31) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Environmental planning and surveys The development of agricultural, countryside and conservation policies

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:6509.058(26) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Tourism, leisure and recreation Abstracts of literature held in the Planning Exchange Library

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:86/03406(Tourism) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Safety in design and construction A summary of proceedings of a two day residential seminar held in Inverness on 1-2 October 1981

LD:6509.058(30) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Shopping content of development plans: A summary of a seminar held at the Planning Exchange in June 1980

SIGLELD:6509.058(24) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

In-town private housing

SIGLELD:6509.058(22) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo