SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein Antibody Titers In Cord Blood After Vaccination Against Covid-19 During Pregnancy

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant patients faced uncertain risks associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Aim of the study was to determine the titer of specific maternal and umbilical cord antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral protein S receptor domain after maternal antenatal vaccination. The paper presents preliminary results of the study proceeded in the department. 13 patients vaccinated during different gestational age have been included in the study. All patients participating in this study were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between the 4 to 31 week of gestation. The in vitro qualitative and quantitative determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral protein S receptor domain in serum samples was performed by using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.  Study results demonstrated that, vaccination against SARS-Cov-2 viral infection during pregnancy is accompanied with adequate production of antibodies that probably may defense neonates from severe infection at least within 6 month of life. Study has revealed positive correlation between time interval of vaccination and delivery for the presence of high titers of SARS-Cov-2 viral protein S receptor domain antibodies in neonatal cord blood, which may allow future determination of the optimal timing of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women although this problem need more future studies

Inositols: From established knowledge to novel approaches

Myo-inositol (myo-Ins) and D-chiro-inositol (D-chiro-Ins) are natural compounds involved in many biological pathways. Since the discovery of their involvement in endocrine signal transduction, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins supplementation has contributed to clinical approaches in ameliorating many gynecological and endocrinological diseases. Currently both myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins are well-tolerated, effective alternative candidates to the classical insulin sensitizers, and are useful treatments in preventing and treating metabolic and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and male fertility disturbances, like sperm abnormalities. Moreover, besides metabolic activity, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins deeply influence steroidogenesis, regulating the pools of androgens and estrogens, likely in opposite ways. Given the complexity of inositol-related mechanisms of action, many of their beneficial effects are still under scrutiny. Therefore, continuing research aims to discover new emerging roles and mechanisms that can allow clinicians to tailor inositol therapy and to use it in other medical areas, hitherto unexplored. The present paper outlines the established evidence on inositols and updates on recent research, namely concerning D-chiro-Ins involvement into steroidogenesis. In particular, D-chiro-Ins mediates insulin-induced testosterone biosynthesis from ovarian thecal cells and directly affects synthesis of estrogens by modulating the expression of the aromatase enzyme. Ovaries, as well as other organs and tissues, are characterized by a specific ratio of myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins, which ensures their healthy state and proper functionality. Altered inositol ratios may account for pathological conditions, causing an imbalance in sex hormones. Such situations usually occur in association with medical conditions, such as PCOS, or as a consequence of some pharmacological treatments. Based on the physiological role of inositols and the pathological implications of altered myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins ratios, inositol therapy may be designed with two different aims: (1) restoring the inositol physiological ratio; (2) altering the ratio in a controlled way to achieve specific effects

GAINING POSSESION OF ANOTHER'S REAL ESTATE THROUGHT CRIMINAL WAYS (Overview of Specific Court Decisions)

The research shows that the issue is very relevant, as the interests of two subjects of law are at stake. On the one hand the interest of the rightful owner who owns the real estate and on the other hand the interests of the private mortgagors who have mortgaged the real estate in exchange for a certain amount. Attention should be drawn to the fact that the Court of Appeals, in its reasoning, refers to mortgagors as the acquisition of immovable property, which is a wrong approach, since mortgages are a relative right as opposed to an absolute one, and thus in these types of disputes, it would be fair to cancel a mortgage. None of the chambers discusses the responsibility of the National Agency of Public Registry, which in this case should be the subject of discussion, since the registration of ownership of real estate is the competence of the National Agency of Public Registry, however, the public has a high standard of trust in the registry. It is the responsibility of the Registry, therefore it is its responsibility, it should be noted that the Georgian court practice is already aware of the fact that the Public Registry has compensated a number of damages, which means that the Administrative Board and the National Court as a whole impose responsibility on the Registry in their decisions. It can be said that the solution to the problem will be the introduction of a special marking standard on real estate by the public registry, with the help of which the owner will be able to give some warning to third parties not to mislead them. It is possible to introduce a "Compensation Fund" which already exists in the Federal Republic of Russia, with the help of this fund it is possible without a dispute, the rightful owner will receive monetary compensation in full for his real estate. It would be good to amend the Civil Code, according to which Article 185 of the Civil Code of Georgia would be drafted with the content of Article 187, in particular, the mortgagee and the purchaser of real estate would be obliged to inspect the real estate, not only in the public register, but also on the spot. Equal protection of the interests of the owner

Some Aspects of Conflicts’ Regulation of Contractual Commitments in the International Private Law of Georgia

Legal regulations, adjusting contractual commitments, play a significant role in the International Private Law (further IPL). They regulate quite a broad sphere of civil and legal relations, complicated by a foreign element (factor). To take into consideration the significance of present international legal acts, regulating various spheres of external economic relations, it should be noted, that a certain number of issues remain out of the field of International contracts regulation. So they have to be adjusted by the rules of the domestic law, which are established by means of conflict norm. The problem of the selection the law, applicable for this or another private legal relation, complicated by the foreign element, is the fundamental problem for the International Private Law. This issue is particularly vital for countries, which, having gained their independence at the end of the past century and have entered into International relations, while in process of their own legal system build up.The article represents the analysis of the mechanism of the private law regulations of contractual commitments in the national legislation of Georgia

Actaea racemosa L. Is More Effective in Combination with Rhodiola rosea L. for Relief of Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a new herbal preparation (Menopause Relief EP®), the hybrid combination of Actaea racemosa L. (black cohosh, BC) and Rhodiola rosea L. (RR) root extracts, compared with the most effective dose of BC extract in women with menopausal complaints. Methods: A total of 220 women were randomly assigned to receive two capsules either BC (6.5 mg), BC500 (500 mg), Menopause Relief EP® (206,5), or placebo once per day for 12 weeks. The efficacy endpoints were relief of menopausal symptoms, measured using the Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI), Menopause Relief Score (MRS), and menopause Utian Quality of Life (UQOL) index. Results: The menopause symptom relief effects of RR-BC were significantly superior in all tests to the effects of BC and placebo after their repeated administration for 6 and 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of BC and BC500 over time. RR-BC significantly improved the QOL index in patients, compared to BC, BC500, and placebo, mainly due to the beneficial effects on the emotional and health domains. Conclusions: BC is more effective in combination with RR in relief of menopausal symptoms, particularly psychological symptoms

Vitamin D Associated Peculiarities in Women with Mild Covid-19 and Effect of Calcifediol on the Level of Vitamin D and Possibly, on Disease Outcome - Prospective Pilot Study

Presented study provides information about prospective pilot study concerning the vitamin D  in women with mild COVID-19 (SARSCoV2) and effect of Calcifediol on the vitamin D level and possibly, on disease outcome.The study involved 30 women aged 48 to 72 years who were treated for a mild form of new coronavirus infection between 1.09.2020 - 1.12.2020 at the First University Clinic of TSMU.In all patients, the new type SARSCoV2 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction performed with reagents-Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Cepheid, USA) on GeneXpert (USA) analyzer (closed system). D-dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase were detected upon the hospital admission. Vitamin D was defined using Roche reagents (electrochemiluminescence method; Roche HITACHICobase-411 device- Switzerland).On the 1st day of hospital admission, all patients received 0.266 mg (1 capsule) of calcifediol (16000 UI) in the form of the drug Hydroferol (FAES FARMA, S.A., Spain). Vitamin D and -reactive protein was defined repeatedly on the 5th day of treatment.Results: Studies have shown that on the 5th day after hydroferol administration the vitamin D level in patients with COVID-19 was significantly increased [16.8 (12.2–24.2) vs. 56.4 (52.3–62.2), p<0.0001]. Negative relationship was found between the onset of symptoms and baseline vitamin D levels (F = 5.9223, p <0.026). The negative relationship was found between the repeatedly defined levels of vitamin D and C-reactive protein (F=12.82, p<0.009) also, pointing on the positive treatment effect of vitamin D on the course of mild form of Covid-19. None of the patients required continued treatment in the intensive care unit and were discharged home with satisfactory state. Conclusion: Vitamin D supposedly plays the important role in pathogenesis and outcome of SARSCoV2 virus infected patients. Additional large-scale randomized placebo-controlled studies on the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 pathogenesis are needed

Effect of the Urotensin-2 Receptor Antagonist - Palosuran on Serum Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++) in Laboratory Rats with Renovascular Hypertension

This study was designed to assess the effect of the urotensin-2 receptor antagonist - Palosuran on blood pressure and serum electrolytes in laboratory rats with renovascular hypertension (2 kidneys + 1 clip) and determine possible changes in sodium, potassium, calcium levels.Studies have shown that Palosuran decreases mean arterial pressure in rats with renovascular hypertension. The vasodilating effect of palosuran exceeds the inhibitory effect of L-NAME on NO and the urotensin-induced endothelium-independent vasoconstrictive effect, especially in the early stages of hypertension. The antihypertensive effect of Palosuran was less manifested in case of relatively late onset of treatment. Supposedly, damaging effects of hypertension on blood vessels increase production of U-II and enhance the endothelium-independent vasoconstrictive effect of urotensin.The results obtained showed a significant difference between hypertensive and nonhypertensive healthy rats for blood electrolytes. At the early stage of disease modeling Palosuran significantly decreased serum Na+ and increased K+ concentrations in hypertensive rats. Na+ and K+ concentrations were maintained within the normal range even after administration of L-NAME, except during the late-onset of treatment.In conclusion, Palosuran might represent a new therapeutic option in individuals with hypertension disease at early stages of disease

COVID-19 Pregnancy and Psycho-neurological Disturbance: Single Hospital Case Report

31 years old pregnant woman at 38 1/7 week of gestation with fever has been admitted to the TSMU   First University Clinic Emergency, with positive COVID-19 PCR test. With characteristic complains of COVID-19 infection.  Family history not significant. Personal history reveals childhood seizure as a result of fever. Vital signs at the admission within normal ranges. All protocol based laboratory tests has been done and protocol based treatment initiated. On the seventh day of Covid-19 infection because of episodes of desaturation and termed gestation, pregnancy termination by induction has been done successfully. At the end of early puerperal period because of hypoxemia resistant to oxygen therapy and CT scan diagnosed severe viral induced pneumonia, with symptoms of encephalopathy has been documented.  Later patient transferred to the mechanical ventilation, protocol based lab tests, diagnostic procedures and treatment initiated. After 1 month with improved condition patient has been transferred to the ob/gyn department for ongoing treatment and rehabilitation at this time severely expressed symptoms of encephalopathy were documented.The underlying mechanisms of neurologic complications in patients with COVID-19 are diverse and, in some cases, multifactorial. Neurologic complications may arise from direct effects of the virus as well as systemic response to the infection or as a result of long lasting inadequate oxygenation of all tissues. Although mechanical ventilation is highly complicated by brain damage, covid-19 induced encephalopathies are as well documented and need more scientifically proved facts of the viral role in this complication