Revenus paysans et rapports sociaux en Grèce au XIXe siècle

Peasants' Incomes and Social Relations in Greece in the 19th Century. The author argues that presumed land-rent produced by commercial and self-consumed holdings should be considered in relation to lending and taxes. One way to prove this point is with the example of wheat production. The formation of peasants' revenues is analyzed in relation to the peasant family, the basic social unit of production. By analyzing the specific activities done by each family member, the author indi- cates social divisions in terms of gender and age. Lastly, he examines possible additional revenues (e.g daily wages), viewed in relation to how free time was disposed of, and to the absence of stable, ongoing relations between peasant amilies and developing city markets. The mechanism that appears in these social relations is one detaching the surplus of agricultural production from commercial capital, as well as the organization that allowed peasant families to resist the pressure of this capital through lending.Pizanias Petros. Revenus paysans et rapports sociaux en Grèce au XIXe siècle. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 45ᵉ année, N. 1, 1990. pp. 37-53

Surplus agricole et circulation du capital commercial : la Grèce au XIXe siècle

Agricultural Surplus and Merchant Capital in Nineteenth-Century Greece. The paper examines the process of circulation of merchant capital in relation to the formation of urban markets in nineteenth-century Greece. The circulation process is seen in conjunction with existing social relations and is approached on the basis of two of the major agricultural products of the time namely currants and corn. The formation of urban markets is approached rom the point of view of merchant capital circulation on the one hand of the state of European markets on the other. The gist of the argument is that Greek urban markets were in the process of being modelled upon the European pattern yet at the same time formed only part of merchant capital. The latter encompassed two different social systems - one based on proto-market economy, the other on the market economy - and hence developed according to two quite different types of historical time.Pizanias Petros. Surplus agricole et circulation du capital commercial : la Grèce au XIXe siècle. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 47ᵉ année, N. 2, 1992. pp. 293-314