Quantification of Variables of the Information Model for Resolving Maritime Disputes through Arbitration

AbstractThe goals of this paper have been to explore and define the advantages of resolving maritime disputes through arbitration compared to their settlement in state courts, to emphasise the importance of arbitration in resolving maritime disputes, to encourage the parties to settle maritime disputes in this way, and to determine and quantify the values of the most relevant variables of the information model for resolving maritime disputes by means of arbitration versus state courts through the period 2008-2018. The research proves that arbitration clearly presents a faster, more creative and cost-efficient way of settling maritime disputes when compared to judicial proceedings. The advantages also include practical and economical aspects, flexibility and confidentiality. Due to these advantages, arbitration becomes the principal means of resolving disputes in maritime trade. Quantification of the values of the main variables of the information model for the period 2008-2018 proves that it is more beneficial to the parties involved in maritime issues to settle their disputes through arbitration than before state courts

Hepatocarcinoma y trombosis portal diagnosticados por ecografía y tomografía computada en pacientes cirróticos chilenos en un hospital público, 2004 - 2011 Hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis diagnosed by sonography and ct scan in chilean cirrhotic patients between 2004 and 2011

No existen datos en pacientes cirróticos chilenos de prevalencia de hepatocarcinoma(CHC) y trombosis portal(TP). Objetivos: Evaluar el desarrollo de estas complicaciones y el rol que podría jugar el ultrasonido (US) como primer método de imagen en su aproximación diagnóstica. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte en pacientes diagnosticados mediante US o TC de cirrosis entre 2004 y 2008. Se evaluaron datos demográficos, clínicos, y su evolución hasta 2011, realizando revisión retrospectiva de sus estudios imagenológicos. Se investigó si presentaron HCC y/o TP que fueran detectados mediante US/TC. Resultados: Se incluyeron 211 pacientes, con un promedio de 62,6 años. En el 10,4% se diagnosticó HCC y en el 4,3% TP. El 33% de TP ocurrieron asociadas a CHC y determinaron peor sobrevida. El US fue sospechoso en un porcentaje significativo de los casos, motivando la realización de TC confirmatoria. Conclusiones: El US aparece como una herramienta útil para la detección de complicaciones de cirrosis.There is no available data on prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal thrombosis (PT) in Chilean cirrhotic patients. Objectives: To evaluate the development of these entities and the role ultrasound (US) may play as the imaging method of choice in their diagnostic approach. Material and methods: A cohort study of patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis by US or CT scans between 2004 and 2008. We evaluated both demographic and clinical records, along with disease development until 2011, by performing a retrospective review of their imaging findings. We investigated whether patients presented HCC and / or PT as detected by US / CT studies. Results: Two hundred and eleven (211) patients with an average age of 62.6 years were included. HCC was diagnosed in 10.4% of cases, whilst PT was observed in 4.3% of patients. A 33% of PT occurred in association with HCC and exhibited worse survival rates. Ultrasonographic studies yielded suspicious results in a significant percentage of cases, thus CT scans were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusions: Ultrasound examination appears to be a useful tool for detecting complications of cirrhosis