Quantum theory of two-photon interference

In this paper, we study two-photon interference with the approach of photon quantum theory, with specific attention to the two-photon interference experiment carried out by Milena D'Angelo et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett 87:013602, 2001). We find the theoretical result is accordance with experiment data.Comment: arXiv admin note: substanital text overlap with arXiv:1011.3593, and with arXiv:quant-ph/0408001, arXiv:quant-ph/0103035 by other author

Quantitative conditional quantum erasure in two-atom resonance fluorescence

We present a conditional quantum eraser which erases the a priori knowledge or the predictability of the path a photon takes in a Young-type double-slit experiment with two fluorescent four-level atoms. This erasure violates a recently derived erasure relation which must be satisfied for a conventional, unconditional quantum eraser that aims to find an optimal sorting of the system into subensembles with particularly large fringe visibilities. The conditional quantum eraser employs an interaction-free, partial which-way measurement which not only sorts the system into optimal subsystems with large visibility but also selects the appropriate subsystem with the maximum possible visibility. We explain how the erasure relation can be violated under these circumstances.Comment: Revtex4, 12pages, 4 eps figures, replaced with published version, changes in Sec. 3, to appear in Physical Review

Randomized phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel with either linifanib or placebo for advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer

Purpose: Linifanib, a potent, selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, has single-agent activity in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated linifanib with carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line therapy of advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. Patients and Methods: Patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC were randomly assigned to 3-week cycles of carboplatin (area under the curve 6) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) with daily placebo (arm A), linifanib 7.5 mg (arm B), or linifanib 12.5 mg (arm C). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary efficacy end points included overall survival (OS) and objective response rate. Results: One hundred thirty-eight patients were randomly assigned (median age, 61 years; 57% men; 84% smokers). Median PFS times were 5.4 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.7 months) in arm A (n = 47), 8.3 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 10.8 months) in arm B (n = 44), and 7.3 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 10.8 months) in arm C (n = 47). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS were 0.51 for arm B versus A (P = .022) and 0.64 for arm C versus A (P = .118). Median OS times were 11.3, 11.4, and 13.0 months in arms A, B, and C, respectively. HRs for OS were 1.08 for arm B versus A (P = .779) and 0.88 for arm C versus A (P = .650). Both linifanib doses were associated with increased toxicity, including a higher incidence of adverse events known to be associated with VEGF/PDGF inhibition. Baseline plasma carcinoembryonic antigen/cytokeratin 19 fragments biomarker signature was associated with PFS improvement and a trend toward OS improvement with linifanib 12.5 mg. Conclusion: Addition of linifanib to chemotherapy significantly improved PFS (arm B), with a modest trend for survival benefit (arm C) and increased toxicity reflective of known VEGF/PDGF inhibitory effects.Suresh S. Ramalingam, Mikhail Shtivelband, Ross A. Soo, Carlos H. Barrios, Anatoly Makhson, José G.M. Segalla, Kenneth B. Pittman, Petr Kolman, Jose R. Pereira, Gordan Srkalovic, Chandra P. Belani, Rita Axelrod, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Qin Qin, Jiang Qian, Evelyn M. McKeegan, Viswanath Devanarayan, Mark D. McKee, Justin L. Ricker, Dawn M. Carlson, Vera A. Gorbunov