31 research outputs found

    Development of a Multivariate Prediction Model for Early-Onset Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome and Restrictive Allograft Syndrome in Lung Transplantation.

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    Chronic lung allograft dysfunction and its main phenotypes, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), are major causes of mortality after lung transplantation (LT). RAS and early-onset BOS, developing within 3 years after LT, are associated with particularly inferior clinical outcomes. Prediction models for early-onset BOS and RAS have not been previously described. LT recipients of the French and Swiss transplant cohorts were eligible for inclusion in the SysCLAD cohort if they were alive with at least 2 years of follow-up but less than 3 years, or if they died or were retransplanted at any time less than 3 years. These patients were assessed for early-onset BOS, RAS, or stable allograft function by an adjudication committee. Baseline characteristics, data on surgery, immunosuppression, and year-1 follow-up were collected. Prediction models for BOS and RAS were developed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariate multinomial analysis. Among patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria, we identified 149 stable, 51 BOS, and 30 RAS subjects. The best prediction model for early-onset BOS and RAS included the underlying diagnosis, induction treatment, immunosuppression, and year-1 class II donor-specific antibodies (DSAs). Within this model, class II DSAs were associated with BOS and RAS, whereas pre-LT diagnoses of interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with RAS. Although these findings need further validation, results indicate that specific baseline and year-1 parameters may serve as predictors of BOS or RAS by 3 years post-LT. Their identification may allow intervention or guide risk stratification, aiming for an individualized patient management approach

    Systems medicine and integrated care to combat chronic noncommunicable diseases

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    We propose an innovative, integrated, cost-effective health system to combat major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, chronic respiratory, metabolic, rheumatologic and neurologic disorders and cancers, which together are the predominant health problem of the 21st century. This proposed holistic strategy involves comprehensive patient-centered integrated care and multi-scale, multi-modal and multi-level systems approaches to tackle NCDs as a common group of diseases. Rather than studying each disease individually, it will take into account their intertwined gene-environment, socio-economic interactions and co-morbidities that lead to individual-specific complex phenotypes. It will implement a road map for predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine based on a robust and extensive knowledge management infrastructure that contains individual patient information. It will be supported by strategic partnerships involving all stakeholders, including general practitioners associated with patient-centered care. This systems medicine strategy, which will take a holistic approach to disease, is designed to allow the results to be used globally, taking into account the needs and specificities of local economies and health systems

    HTAP et transplantation

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    Préparation à la transplantation pulmonaire

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    International audienceLa TxP (TxP) est un traitement validĂ© de certaines insuffisances respiratoires chroniques graves [1]. Ce traitement mobilise des ressources trĂšs importantes et doit allier justice et efficacitĂ©. Ces valeurs cardinales furent Ă  l’origine du dĂ©veloppement du Lung Allocation Score (LAS) aux États Unis en 2005 pour prioriser l'accĂšs Ă  la greffe des patients les plus Ă  risque de dĂ©cĂšs (justice) avec un bĂ©nĂ©fice attendu en termes de survie et de qualitĂ© de vie aprĂšs la greffe (efficacitĂ©). Le Tableau 1 liste les variables et facteurs de risque de dĂ©cĂšs avant la greffe, avec notamment certains facteurs modifiables sur lesquels il est bĂ©nĂ©fique d’agir pendant la prĂ©paration Ă  la TxP [2]. Une fois l’indication de TxP posĂ©e, [3] dĂ©bute une pĂ©riode d’attente sur liste qui doit s’inscrire dans un programme de rĂ©adaptation respiratoire (RR) [4]. Une Ă©quipe pluridisciplinaire associant mĂ©decins, kinĂ©sithĂ©rapeutes, diĂ©tĂ©ticiens, infirmiers, travailleurs sociaux est en charge du patient que ce soit en centre, en externe ou Ă  domicile et en Ă©troite collaboration avec le centre de greffe. L’objectif est d’optimiser les chances de succĂšs [[4], [5]], en Ă©valuant le niveau de fonctionnement au sens de la Classification Internationale du Handicap (CIF-2) du candidat et agir sur tout facteur modifiable (Fig. 1) [[4], [5]]. Il s’agit d’éviter l’aggravation du candidat sur liste ainsi que de lui permettre d’arriver Ă  la TxP dans les « meilleures conditions » possibles. C’est Ă©galement un moment capital oĂč le patient entourĂ© de ses aidants doit faire preuve d’engagement ou « empowerment » des anglo-saxons pour fondamentalement conforter, voire adopter des attitudes et habitudes de vie protectrices qui seront trĂšs utiles en prĂ©- et postopĂ©ratoire Ă  court, et long terme

    Traitement de l'HTAP

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    Quoi de neuf dans le traitement de l’hypertension artĂ©rielle pulmonaire en 2015 ?

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    International audienceL’hypertension artĂ©rielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie vasculaire pulmonaire rare et grave, caractĂ©risĂ©e par l’augmentation progressive des rĂ©sistances artĂ©rielles pulmonaires, qui peut conduire, Ă  terme, Ă  une insuffisance cardiaque droite et au dĂ©cĂšs. En 2015, on dispose de dix molĂ©cules enregistrĂ©es dans cette indication correspondant Ă  plusieurs centaines de patients inclus dans le monde dans des essais de phases II et III au cours de ces vingt derniĂšres annĂ©es, vĂ©ritable [...

    Quoi de neuf dans le traitement de l’hypertension artĂ©rielle pulmonaire en 2018 ?

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    International audienceEn 2018, le domaine de l’hypertension artĂ©rielle pulmonaire a connu de fortes Ă©volutions touchant les objectifs du traitement, l’intĂ©rĂȘt des associations thĂ©rapeutiques d’emblĂ©e – dont les preuves s’accumulent –, les traitements non mĂ©dicamenteux et les nouveaux chemins mĂ©taboliques, notamment Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tiques, cibles des molĂ©cules en dĂ©veloppement au niveau du ventricule droit, de la circulation pulmonaire et des muscles squelettiques, soutenant le concept d’une maladie systĂ©mique Ă  point de dĂ©part vasculaire pulmonaire. L’irruption des micro-ARN comme biomarqueurs et cibles thĂ©rapeutiques reprĂ©sente un espoir rĂ©el pour ces patients

    Comment je traite une bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive Ă  l’état stable et lors d’une exacerbation ?

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    International audienceLa bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) est une maladie frĂ©quente que l’on peut prĂ©venir et traiter. Elle est caractĂ©risĂ©e par des symptĂŽmes respiratoires persistants et un trouble ventilatoire obstructif dĂ» Ă  des lĂ©sions des voies aĂ©riennes (bronchite chronique) et/ou du tissu alvĂ©olaire (emphysĂšme), en gĂ©nĂ©ral en relation avec une exposition significative Ă  des particules ou gaz toxiques, selon la dĂ©finition mise Ă  jour par les recommandations internationales 2017 [...

    The role of nutritional factors in asthma: Challenges and opportunities for epidemiological research

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    International audienceThe prevalence of asthma has nearly doubled over the last decades. Twentieth century changes in environmental and lifestyle factors, including changes in dietary habits, physical activity and the obesity epidemic, have been suggested to play a role in the increase of asthma prevalence and uncontrolled asthma worldwide. A large body of evidence has suggested that obesity is a likely risk factor for asthma, but mechanisms are still unclear. Regarding diet and physical activity, the literature remains inconclusive. Although the investigation of nutritional factors as a whole (i.e., the “diet, physical activity and body composition” triad) is highly relevant in terms of understanding un-derlying mechanisms, as well as designing effective public health interventions, their combined effects across the life course has not received a lot of attention. In this review, we discuss the state of the art regarding the role of nutritional factors in asthma, for each window of exposure. We focus on the methodological and conceptual challenges encountered in the investigation of the complex time-dependent interrelations between nutritional factors and asthma and its control, and their interaction with other determinants of asthma. Lastly, we provide guidance on how to address these challenges, as well as suggestions for future research
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