Selection Index in the Study of Adaptability and Stability in Maize

This paper proposes an alternative method for evaluating the stability and adaptability of maize hybrids using a genotype-ideotype distance index (GIDI) for selection. Data from seven variables were used, obtained through evaluation of 25 maize hybrids at six sites in southern Brazil. The GIDI was estimated by means of the generalized Mahalanobis distance for each plot of the test. We then proceeded to GGE biplot analysis in order to compare the predictive accuracy of the GGE models and the grouping of environments and to select the best five hybrids. The G × E interaction was significant for both variables assessed. The GGE model with two principal components obtained a predictive accuracy (PRECORR) of 0.8913 for the GIDI and 0.8709 for yield (t ha(−1)). Two groups of environments were obtained upon analyzing the GIDI, whereas all the environments remained in the same group upon analyzing yield. Coincidence occurred in only two hybrids considering evaluation of the two features. The GIDI assessment provided for selection of hybrids that combine adaptability and stability in most of the variables assessed, making its use more highly recommended than analyzing each variable separately. Not all the higher-yielding hybrids were the best in the other variables assessed

Reformismo em desencanto: as políticas públicas e o estado no capitalismo

The first years of the 21st century were marked by attempts to reform the state in several Latin American countries. Applied policies represented a breakthrough for the workers, but they were not able to significantly modify the relations between capital and labor, and in many countries, governments have been dismissed from power, by democratic means or not. Why have the state reforms failed to permanently change the situation of the working class? This is the question that the present paper seeks to answer, by means of a bibliographical survey on the conception of the State in Marx, thus resorting to Marxist reflection, to understand that the efforts to reform the State and guarantee a more human capitalism, as well as a emancipation of the working classes without contradicting the logic of the capitalist system end up perpetuating exploitation, by presenting as conquests some concessions made by the bourgeoisie, concessions that at the first sign of crisis are suspended. The aim of the research is to show that the state in capitalism is irreformable and therefore has to be replaced by the workers by a new form of organization so that the exploitation of man by man can be interrupted.Os primeiros anos do século XXI foram marcados pelas tentativas de reforma do Estado, em diversos países da América Latina. As políticas aplicadas representaram um avanço para os trabalhadores, no entanto não foram capazes de modificar sensivelmente as relações entre capital e trabalho, bem como, nos mais diversos países, os governos tem sido apeados do poder, por vias democráticas ou não. Por que as reformas do Estado não conseguiram modificar de modo permanente a situação da classe trabalhadora? Essa é a pergunta que o presente trabalho procura responder, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a concepção de Estado em Marx, recorrendo assim a reflexão marxista, para compreender que os esforços por reformar o Estado e garantir um capitalismo mais humano, bem como uma emancipação das classes trabalhadoras sem contrariar a lógica do sistema capitalista terminam por perpetuar a exploração, ao apresentar como conquistas, algumas concessões feitas pela burguesia, concessões essas que ao primeiro sinal de crise são suspensas. O objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar que o Estado no capitalismo é irreformável, tendo, portanto, que ser substituído pelos trabalhadores por uma nova forma de organização para que a exploração do homem pelo homem possa ser interrompida

Análise do efeito dos programas de exercícios de membros inferiores com ênfase na prevenção de entorse de tornozelo em praticantes de futebol: uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados

O futebol é a modalidade esportiva mais praticada no mundo, com participantes em todas as faixas etárias e diferentes níveis. A supervalorização financeira desse esporte provocou mudanças nessa modalidade, exigindo mais força, preparo físico e treino, tornando-os mais suscetíveis a lesões. O treinamento proprioceptivo é de fundamental importância para a prevenção e tratamento das lesões de entorse de tornozelo. Análise do efeito dos programas de exercícios de membros inferiores com ênfase na prevenção de entorse de tornozelo em praticantes de futebol. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Encontrados 730 artigos pela PMC e 32 artigos pela PUBMED. Finalizando as buscas com um total de 4 ensaios clínicos randomizados, sendo todos estudos publicados em periódicos estrangeiros. A busca pelos artigos foi realizada nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Os autores de diferentes estudos incluídos evidenciaram um benefício em relação à utilização dos métodos de prevenção de entorse de tornozelo. Os estudos demonstraram eficácia na prevenção da entorse de tornozelo, melhorando a propriocepção e o equilíbrio. Tais programas também são disseminados em vários setores esportivos, otimizando tempo de tratamento, sendo um recurso de baixo custo e com aparelhos de fácil manuseio

Molecular and cellular biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis : protocol for the prospective cohort TARGET study

Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world’s attention has been focused on better understanding the relation between the human host and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as its action has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths. Objective: In this context, we decided to study certain consequences of the abundant cytokine release over the innate and adaptive immune systems, inflammation, and hemostasis, comparing mild and severe forms of COVID-19. Methods: To accomplish these aims, we will analyze demographic characteristics, biochemical tests, immune biomarkers, leukocyte phenotyping, immunoglobulin profile, hormonal release (cortisol and prolactin), gene expression, thromboelastometry, neutralizing antibodies, metabolic profile, and neutrophil function (reactive oxygen species production, neutrophil extracellular trap production, phagocytosis, migration, gene expression, and proteomics). A total of 200 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction–confirmed patients will be enrolled and divided into two groups: mild/moderate or severe/critical forms of COVID-19. Blood samples will be collected at different times: at inclusion and after 9 and 18 days, with an additional 3-day sample for severe patients. We believe that this information will provide more knowledge for future studies that will provide more robust and useful clinical information that may allow for better decisions at the front lines of health care. Results: The recruitment began in June 2020 and is still in progress. It is expected to continue until February 2021. Data analysis is scheduled to start after all data have been collected. The coagulation study branch is complete and is already in the analysis phase

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost