9 research outputs found
Attribution of Arctic Sea Ice Decline from 1953 to 2012 to Influences from Natural, Greenhouse Gas, and Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing
Selective Oxidation of Chromium by O2 Impurities in CO2 During Initial Stages of Oxidation
The Burden of Neglected HIV-2 and HTLV-1 Infections in Spain.
HIV-2 and HTLV-1 infections are globally less frequent than those produced by HIV-1, the classical AIDS
agent. In Spain and up to the end of 2014, a total of 310 cases of HIV-2, 274 of HTLV-1, and 776 of HTLV-2
infections had been reported. No cases of HTLV-3 or HTLV-4 infections have been identified so far in Spain.
Most persons infected with HIV-2 or HTLV-1 acknowledge epidemiological risk factors for contagion, such
as originating from or living in endemic regions and/or having had sexual partners from those areas. However,
risk factors could not be recognized in up to 20-25% of carriers in Spain. Thus, it seems worth keeping a
high level of clinical suspicion in order to identify earlier these neglected human retroviral infections, since
diagnostic procedures and antiviral treatment are specific for each of these agents. In this article we
summarize the major contributions reported at the meeting of the Spanish Group for HIV-2/HTLV held in
Madrid in December 201
Screening for HTLV-1 infection should be expanded in Europe
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is spreading globally at an uncertain speed. Sexual, mother-to-child, and parenteral exposure are the major transmission routes. Neither vaccines nor antivirals have been developed to confront HTLV-1, despite infecting over 10 million people globally and causing life-threatening illnesses in 10% of carriers. It is time to place this long-neglected disease firmly into the 2030 elimination agenda. Current evidence supports once-in-life testing for HTLV-1, as recommended for HIV, hepatitis B and C, along with targeted screening of pregnant women, blood donors, and people who attended clinics for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Similar targeted screening strategies are already being performed for Chagas disease in some Western countries in persons from Latin America. Given the high risk of rapid-onset HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, universal screening of solid organ donors is warranted. To minimize organ wastage, however, the specificity of HTLV screening tests must be improved. HTLV screening of organ donors in Europe has become mandatory in Spain and the United Kingdom. The advent of HTLV point-of-care kits would facilitate testing. Finally, increasing awareness of HTLV-1 will help those living with HTLV-1 to be tested, clinically monitored, and informed about transmission-preventive measures