Finite size analysis of a two-dimensional Ising model within a nonextensive approach

In this work we present a thorough analysis of the phase transitions that occur in a ferromagnetic 2D Ising model, with only nearest-neighbors interactions, in the framework of the Tsallis nonextensive statistics. We performed Monte Carlo simulations on square lattices with linear sizes L ranging from 32 up to 512. The statistical weight of the Metropolis algorithm was changed according to the nonextensive statistics. Discontinuities in the m(T) curve are observed for $q\leq 0.5$. However, we have verified only one peak on the energy histograms at the critical temperatures, indicating the occurrence of continuous phase transitions. For the $0.5<q\leq 1.0$ regime, we have found continuous phase transitions between the ordered and the disordered phases, and determined the critical exponents via finite-size scaling. We verified that the critical exponents $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ depend on the entropic index $q$ in the range $0.5<q\leq 1.0$ in the form $\alpha (q)=(10 q^{2}-33 q+23)/20$, $\beta (q)=(2 q-1)/8$ and $\gamma (q)=(q^{2}-q+7)/4$. On the other hand, the critical exponent $\nu$ does not depend on $q$. This suggests a violation of the scaling relations $2 \beta +\gamma =d \nu$ and $\alpha +2 \beta +\gamma =2$ and a nonuniversality of the critical exponents along the ferro-paramagnetic frontier.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Produções de matéria natural e de matéria seca e relação folha/colmo de vinte e cinco híbridos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) com capim sudão (Sorghum sudanense) utilizados para produção de forragem em regime de corte.

Como item do programa de melhoramento de sorgo do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de MIlho e Sorgo da Embrapa em convenio com a Escola de veterinária da UFMG, foi conduzido um estudo com vinte e tres hibridos experimentais e dos hibridos comercias de Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sundanese, utilizados para a producao de forragem em regime de corte. Foram realizadas avaliacoes quanto às producoes de materia natural e de materia seca (MS), relacao folha/colmo e altura das plantas colhidas aos 57 dias apos o plantio. As producoes de materia natural variaram de 24,8 a 37,8 t/ha, enquanto as produções de MS foram de 13,8 A 17,6 t/ha, ambas sem diferencas significativas (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos. Houve grande variacao quanto a relacao folha/colmo. com diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os hibridos. A altura media das plantas foi de 147 cm, sendo notada correlacao positiva (p<0,05) entre esta caracteristica e os parametros de producao. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com tres repeticoes por tratamento (hibridos) e a comparacao das medias foi feita pelo teste de agrupamento de Scott-Knott (p<0,05)

Environment-induced sudden transition in quantum discord dynamics

Non-classical correlations play a crucial role in the development of quantum information science. The recent discovery that non-classical correlations can be present even in separable (unentangled) states has broadened this scenario. This generalized quantum correlation has been increasing relevance in several fields, among them quantum communication, quantum computation, quantum phase transitions, and biological systems. We demonstrate here the occurrence of the sudden-change phenomenon and immunity against some sources of noise for the quantum discord and its classical counterpart, in a room temperature nuclear magnetic resonance setup. The experiment is performed in a decohering environment causing loss of phase relations among the energy eigenstates and exchange of energy between system and environment, resulting in relaxation to a Gibbs ensemble

Avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de café por meio de imagens digitalizadas.

A análise de imagens digitais consiste na geração de dados dimensionais, como largura, comprimento e área, ou atributos, como cor e textura de uma imagem capturada, e a sua mensuração por meio de métodos de contagem ou freqüência. A utilização de análise de imagens para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes tem sido considerado um método objetivo, econômico e prático. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar os resultados da avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de café obtidos no testes de germinação com aqueles obtidos da análise de imagens digitalizadas. Foram utilizados trinta e dois lotes de sementes de café, os quais foram submetidos à análises convencionais e a análise de imagens por meio do programa computacional WINFOLIA®.Muito embora pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para a confirmação dos resultados, foi observado que o método da análise de imagens pode fornecer com precisão a germinação e o vigor das sementes de café de um modo mais prático, econômico e antecipado que o teste convencional

The Consistency of Causal Quantum Geometrodynamics and Quantum Field Theory

We consider quantum geometrodynamics and parametrized quantum field theories in the framework of the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation. In the first case, and following the lines of our previous work [1], where a hamiltonian formalism for the bohmian trajectories was constructed, we show the consistency of the theory for any quantum potential, completing the scenarios for canonical quantum cosmology presented there. In the latter case, we prove the consistency of scalar field theory in Minkowski spacetime for any quantum potential, and we show, using this alternative hamiltonian method, a concrete example where Lorentz invariance of individual events is broken.Comment: Final version. See also http://www.cosmologia.cbpf.b

Hydrogen production by hydrolysis of sodium borohydride for PEM fuel cells feeding

In this work, hydrogen is produced by a hydrolysis process that uses sodium borohydride as a hydrogen carrier and storage media. High purity hydrogen is obtained at low temperatures with high volumetric and gravimetric storage efficiencies; reaction products are non-toxic. The produced hydrogen can be supply on-demand at specified flow by tailor made developed catalyst. Hydrogen feeding to a low power fuel cell was accomplished. According to experimental conditions conversion rates of 100% are possible. Catalyst is demonstrated to be reusable

A new method for the solution of the Schrodinger equation

We present a new method for the solution of the Schrodinger equation applicable to problems of non-perturbative nature. The method works by identifying three different scales in the problem, which then are treated independently: An asymptotic scale, which depends uniquely on the form of the potential at large distances; an intermediate scale, still characterized by an exponential decay of the wave function and, finally, a short distance scale, in which the wave function is sizable. The key feature of our method is the introduction of an arbitrary parameter in the last two scales, which is then used to optimize a perturbative expansion in a suitable parameter. We apply the method to the quantum anharmonic oscillator and find excellent results.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTex

A general treatment of geometric phases and dynamical invariants

Based only on the parallel transport condition, we present a general method to compute Abelian or non-Abelian geometric phases acquired by the basis states of pure or mixed density operators, which also holds for nonadiabatic and noncyclic evolution. Two interesting features of the non-Abelian geometric phase obtained by our method stand out: i) it is a generalization of Wilczek and Zee's non-Abelian holonomy, in that it describes nonadiabatic evolution where the basis states are parallelly transported between distinct degenerate subspaces, and ii) the non-Abelian character of our geometric phase relies on the transitional evolution of the basis states, even in the nondegenerate case. We apply our formalism to a two-level system evolving nonadiabatically under spontaneous decay to emphasize the non-Abelian nature of the geometric phase induced by the reservoir. We also show, through the generalized invariant theory, that our general approach encompasses previous results in the literature