Improving the Knowledge on Seismogenic Sources in the Lower Tagus Valley for Seismic Hazard Purposes

The Lower Tagus Valley, that includes the metropolitan area of Lisbon, has been struck by several earthquakes which produced significant material damage and loss of lives. Their exact location remains unknown. Our goal is to shed some light into the seismogenic sources in the area using seismic reflection and geological data. In areas with no seismic coverage, potential-field data interpretation was carried out. Seismicity was overlaid to the potential seismogenic structures and high-resolution data was acquired in order to confirm which structures have been active into the Quaternary. Three major fault-zones affecting the Neogene were identified: V. F. Xira, Samora-Alcochete and Pinhal Novo. For the first fault, strong evidences suggest it is active. The other two fault-zones and other structures previously unknown can be correlated with several epicentres. Empirical relationships between maximum moment magnitude and fault area indicate that MW > 6.5 earthquakes can be expected for the larger structures

Morphogenic analysis of three geographical populations of Eragrostis plana ness in South of Brazil.

Eragrostis plana Ness is the most important weed of rangeland in the Southern of Brazil and represents a real risk to other south american countries. This perennial grass of South Africa,has low nutritional value and high seed production. It was introduced in this region, about 50 years ago and, until now, its variability is unknown. In order to test the morphogenics variation in the material present in this region, seeds of E. Plana Ness were sampled at different locations to studied the tissues flow, and tested the similarity of the geographical populations.Autores Susana Feldman; Oliva, Gabriel; Mónica Sacido

Gravitational Wave Chirp Search: Economization of PN Matched Filter Bank via Cardinal Interpolation

The final inspiral phase in the evolution of a compact binary consisting of black holes and/or neutron stars is among the most probable events that a network of ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors is likely to observe. Gravitational radiation emitted during this phase will have to be dug out of noise by matched-filtering (correlating) the detector output with a bank of several $10^5$ templates, making the computational resources required quite demanding, though not formidable. We propose an interpolation method for evaluating the correlation between template waveforms and the detector output and show that the method is effective in substantially reducing the number of templates required. Indeed, the number of templates needed could be a factor $\sim 4$ smaller than required by the usual approach, when the minimal overlap between the template bank and an arbitrary signal (the so-called {\it minimal match}) is 0.97. The method is amenable to easy implementation, and the various detector projects might benefit by adopting it to reduce the computational costs of inspiraling neutron star and black hole binary search.Comment: scheduled for publicatin on Phys. Rev. D 6

Was the GLE on May 17, 2012 linked with the M5.1-class flare the first in the 24th solar cycle?

On May 17, 2012 an M5.1-class flare exploded from the sun. An O-type coronal mass ejection (CME) was also associated with this flare. There was an instant increase in proton flux with peak at $\geq 100$ MeV, leading to S2 solar radiation storm level. In about 20 minutes after the X-ray emission, the solar particles reached the Earth.It was the source of the first (since December 2006) ground level enhancement (GLE) of the current solar cycle 24. The GLE was detected by neutron monitors (NM) and other ground based detectors. Here we present an observation by the Tupi muon telescopes (Niteroi, Brazil, $22^{0}.9 S$, $43^{0}.2 W$, 3 m above sea level) of the enhancement of muons at ground level associated with this M5.1-class solar flare. The Tupi telescopes registered a muon excess over background $\sim 20\%$ in the 5-min binning time profile. The Tupi signal is studied in correlation with data obtained by space-borne detectors (GOES, ACE), ground based neutron monitors (Oulu) and air shower detectors (the IceTop surface component of the IceCube neutrino observatory). We also report the observation of the muon signal possibly associated with the CME/sheath striking the Earth magnetosphere on May 20, 2012. We show that the observed temporal correlation of the muon excess observed by the Tupi muon telescopes with solar transient events suggests a real physical connection between them. Our observation indicates that combination of two factors, the low energy threshold of the Tupi muon telescopes and the location of the Tupi experiment in the South Atlantic Anomaly region, can be favorable in the study and detection of the solar transient events. Our experiment provides new data complementary to other techniques (space and ground based) in the study of solar physics.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Organic melon response to natural phosphates in sequential culture in the São Francisco River Valley.

The application of solublle fertilizers, chemically treated, is not permitted in organic agriculture. This work aimed to evaluate the bahavior of melon crop cultivated with natural phosfhate in sud-middle of the São Francisco River Valley

Chemical Evolution of the Galaxy Based on the Oscillatory Star Formation History

We model the star formation history (SFH) and the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk by combining an infall model and a limit-cycle model of the interstellar medium (ISM). Recent observations have shown that the SFH of the Galactic disk violently variates or oscillates. We model the oscillatory SFH based on the limit-cycle behavior of the fractional masses of three components of the ISM. The observed period of the oscillation ($\sim 1$ Gyr) is reproduced within the natural parameter range. This means that we can interpret the oscillatory SFH as the limit-cycle behavior of the ISM. We then test the chemical evolution of stars and gas in the framework of the limit-cycle model, since the oscillatory behavior of the SFH may cause an oscillatory evolution of the metallicity. We find however that the oscillatory behavior of metallicity is not prominent because the metallicity reflects the past integrated SFH. This indicates that the metallicity cannot be used to distinguish an oscillatory SFH from one without oscillations.Comment: 21 pages LaTeX, to appear in Ap

Efeito de fosfatos naturais em plantas de melão cultivdas em vasos.

Com o advento da agricultura orgânica no Vale do Submédio São Francisco, surge a demanda por técnicas que atendam aos princípios desse sistema de exploração agrícola. Dessa forma, realizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de fosfatos naturais em três solos (argissolo Acinzentado distrófico - PACd, Argissolo Amarelo eutrofico - PAe e Vertissolo - V) da região, cultivados com melão (Cucumis melo) em vasos, na Embrapa Semi-Árido. Os tratmentos constituíram um fatorial (3 x 4) + 1, sendo três doses de P (40, 80 e 160 mg dm-³ de P2O5), quatro fontes de P (superfosfato triplo-ST, termofosfato-TM, fosfato natural de Gafsa-FG e fosfato natural Fosbahia-FB) e uma testemunha sem P, dispostos no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Cada solo constitui um ensaio. Após 38 dias de cultivo do melão, avaliaram-se a produção de matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea, o P absorvido pela planta e o P do solo extraído pelos métodos de Mehlich-1 e resina de troca aniônica (RTA). No V e PACd, os fosfatos apresentaram-se menos eficientes que no PAe. O TM foi a fonte de P que apresentou maior eficiência para produção de MS do melão nos três solos (56 a 100% em relação ao superfosfato triplo). No PAe, o FG também mostrou boa eficiência, sendo equivalente a 80% do superfosfato triplo). Os extratores Mehlich e RTA foram igualmente eficientes para avaliar a disponibilidade do P

Analysis of frequency and intensity of European winter storm events from a multi-model perspective, at synoptic and regional scales

This study focuses on the analysis of winter (October-November-December-January-February-March; ONDJFM) storm events and their changes due to increased anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations over Europe. In order to assess uncertainties that are due to model formulation, 4 regional climate models (RCMs) with 5 high resolution experiments, and 4 global general circulation models (GCMs) are considered. Firstly, cyclone systems as synoptic scale processes in winter are investigated, as they are a principal cause of the occurrence of extreme, damage-causing wind speeds. This is achieved by use of an objective cyclone identification and tracking algorithm applied to GCMs. Secondly, changes in extreme near-surface wind speeds are analysed. Based on percentile thresholds, the studied extreme wind speed indices allow a consistent analysis over Europe that takes systematic deviations of the models into account. Relative changes in both intensity and frequency of extreme winds and their related uncertainties are assessed and related to changing patterns of extreme cyclones. A common feature of all investigated GCMs is a reduced track density over central Europe under climate change conditions, if all systems are considered. If only extreme (i.e. the strongest 5%) cyclones are taken into account, an increasing cyclone activity for western parts of central Europe is apparent; however, the climate change signal reveals a reduced spatial coherency when compared to all systems, which exposes partially contrary results. With respect to extreme wind speeds, significant positive changes in intensity and frequency are obtained over at least 3 and 20% of the European domain under study (35–72°N and 15°W–43°E), respectively. Location and extension of the affected areas (up to 60 and 50% of the domain for intensity and frequency, respectively), as well as levels of changes (up to +15 and +200% for intensity and frequency, respectively) are shown to be highly dependent on the driving GCM, whereas differences between RCMs when driven by the same GCM are relatively small