The Emotional Life of Reason: Exploring Conceptions of Objectivity

This paper extends Pinto’s (2011) “Emotions and Reasons” (in which he argued that emotions provide reasons for action in so far as the beliefs and desires which make up reasons are constitutive elements of emotions) by exploring relationships between emotions-as-reasons and in (re)conceptualizing objectivity as naturalized to address the evaluative dimension. The paper addresses the emotional character of reason with respect to subjective and normative validity by shifting analysis to socially situated practices

An integrated methods study of the experiences of youth with severe disabilities in leisure activity settings: The importance of belonging, fun, and control and choice

Purpose: The aim was to examine the leisure activity setting experiences of two groups of youth with severe disabilities-those with complex continuing care (CCC) needs and those who have little functional speech and communicate using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Method: Twelve youth took part in a mixed methods study, in which their experiences were ascertained using qualitative methods (observations, photo elicitation and interviews) and the measure of Self-Reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS). Data integration occurred using a following a thread technique and case-by-case analysis. Results: The analysis revealed several highly valued aspects of leisure activity setting experiences for youth, including engagement with others, enjoying the moment, and control and choice in selection and participation in activity settings. Conclusions: The findings provide preliminary insights into the nature of optimal activity settings for youth with severe disabilities, and the mediators of these experiences. Compared to other youth, the data illustrate both the commonalities of experiences and differences in the ways in which these experiences are attained. Implications for research concern the utility of mixed methods approaches in understanding the complex nature of participation experiences. Implications for clinical practice concern the importance of not assuming the nature of youths\u27 experiences.Implications for RehabilitationService providers can lose sight of the importance of broader concepts of belonging, fun, and control and choice when providing interventions that focus on participating in an activity to build specific skills.In addition to the skill-based outcomes for youth with disabilities that are valued by the rehabilitation system, we suggest that consideration needs to be given to other types of outcomes that matter to youth, such as participating in a leisure activity for the sake of belonging or having fun.It is important not to assume that youth with severe disabilities are not enjoying their participation or are not benefiting from their leisure experiences.It is important not to over-therapize youth with disabilities and promote a balanced approach to therapy and leisure participation, by discussing with youth and families the beneficial developmental outcomes that can accrue from leisure activities

Microbial Diversity in the Eukaryotic SAR Clade: Illuminating the Darkness Between Morphology and Molecular Data

Despite their diversity and ecological importance, many areas of the SAR—Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria—clade are poorly understood as the majority (90%) of SAR species lack molecular data and only 5% of species are from well-sampled families. Here, we review and summarize the state of knowledge about the three major clades of SAR, describing the diversity within each clade and identifying synapomorphies when possible. We also assess the “dark area” of SAR: the morphologically described species that are missing molecular data. The majority of molecular data for SAR lineages are characterized from marine samples and vertebrate hosts, highlighting the need for additional research effort in areas such as freshwater and terrestrial habitats and “non-vertebrate” hosts. We also describe the paucity of data on the biogeography of SAR species, and point to opportunities to illuminate diversity in this major eukaryotic clade. See also the video abstract above

Embioptera (Insecta) from Brazil: New species and a taxonomic update

Eight new species of Embioptera from Brazil are described, diagnosed, and illustrated. For Anisembiidae: Chelicerca achilata Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov.; Saussurembia borba Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov. For Archembiidae: Archembia oruma Szumik, sp. nov.; Embolyntha oriximina Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov.; Pararhagadochir bonita Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov., Pararhagadochir marielleae Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov.; Pararhagadochir para Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov. For Clothodidae: Chromatoclothoda langa Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov. To clarify the higher classification of the Order and to have an accurate taxonomy, a species catalog and introduction to the four families present in Brazil is also detailed, including phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic actions, composition, distributions, and records maps. Herein, several taxonomic acts are proposed: (1) the synonymy of Chelicerca Ross (= Dactylocerca Ross confirmed junior synonym; = Schizembia Ross syn nov.; = Pelorembia Ross, confirmed junior synonym; = Cryptembia Ross, syn. nov.) and Saussurembia Davis (= Stenembia Ross, syn. nov.). (2) new status and delimitation for family Archembiidae Ross, stat. rev.; subfamily Archembiinae Ross, stat. rev.; subfamily Pachylembiinae stat. rev.; subfamily Scelembiinae stat. rev., and their genera included. (3) Diradius unicolor (Ross) (Teratembiidae) comb. nov., and (4) new locality records for previously cited species in the region.Fil: Szumik, Claudia Adriana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Goloboff Szumik, Victoria E.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Costa Pinto, Paula Jéssica. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Juárez, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentin

Meningite criptocóccica em gestante HIV negativa: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

INTRODUCTION: Cryptococcosis has become an important entity due to the epidemic of AIDS and therefore it is a significant opportunistic infection. However, there are case reports of cryptococcal meningitis in immune competent pregnant women. Since pregnancy is considered a period of relative immunosuppression, which likely prevents fetal rejection, this could explain the occurrence of opportunistic infections. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of cryptococcosis, and review all cases involving pregnancy and neurocryptococcal infection in immune competent pregnant patients. METHODS: Case report and systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE and SciELO databases. DISCUSSION: A total of 27 patients were analyzed from 19 studies. The mean age at diagnosis was 26.4 years. There were six patients in their first trimester of pregnancy, 10 in the second, eight in the third and three post-partum. The most prevalent symptoms were headache (85.2%), altered vision (44.4%), altered mental status (44.4%), nausea (40.7%) and fever (33.3%). There were nine deaths (33.3%). Most of the patients received intravenous amphotericin B as treatment (77.8%). The majority (66.6%) of the patients accomplished a term delivery with healthy infants. CONCLUSION: Cryptococcal meningitis should be considered during pregnancy in cases of unexplained headache, altered vision, altered mental status, nausea and fever. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis should be admitted and treated with amphotericin B.INTRODUÇÃO: Com a epidemia da AIDS, a neurocriptococose foi melhor estudada e considerada infecção fúngica oportunista. No entanto, há casos descritos de gestantes acometidas, apesar de imunocompetentes. A gestação, por si só, pode ser considerada um período de imunossupressão, para adaptação materno-fetal, o que poderia predispor à instalação de certas infecções. OBJETIVOS: Relato de caso de gestante com neurocriptococose e revisão sistemática dos casos descritos na literatura desta patologia durante a gestação, em pacientes imunocompetentes. METODOLOGIA: Revisão sistemática com busca MEDLINE e SciELO. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 27 pacientes com diagnóstico de neurocriptococse na gestação. A média de idade foi 26,4 anos. Seis pacientes estavam no primeiro trimestre de gravidez ao diagnóstico, 10 no segundo, oito no terceiro e três eram puérperas. O sintoma mais prevalente foi cefaléia (85,2%), seguido por alteração visual (44,4%), confusão mental (44,4%), náusea (40,7%) e febre (33%). Houve nove óbitos maternos (33,3%). Vinte e uma pacientes foram tratadas com anfotericina B (77,8%). A maioria dos casos evoluiu com gestação a termo, com recém-nascidos saudáveis (66,6%). CONCLUSÕES: Neurocriptococose deve ser um diagnóstico a se considerar na gestação, nos casos de cefaléia, alteração visual, confusão mental, náusea e febre persistentes, sendo indicada terapia intensiva e uso de anfotericina B

Maternal morbidity and near miss associated with maternal age: the innovative approach of the 2006 Brazilian demographic health survey

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of potentially life-threatening maternal conditions and near miss in Brazil according to maternal age. METHODS: A secondary analysis of the 2006 Brazilian demographic health survey database using a validated questionnaire to evaluate maternal morbidity with a focus on age extremes. The study included 5,025 women with at least 1 live birth in the 5-year reference period preceding their interviews. Three age range periods were used: 15-19 years (younger age), 20-34 years (control), and 35-49 years (advanced maternal age). According to a pragmatic definition, any woman reporting eclampsia, hysterectomy, blood transfusion, or admission to the intensive care unit during her pregnancy/childbirth was considered a near-miss case. The associations between age and severe maternal morbidity were further assessed. RESULTS: For the 6,833 reported pregnancies, 73.7% of the women were 20-34 years old, 17.9% were of advanced maternal age, and only 8.4% were of younger age. More than 22% of the women had at least one of the complications appraised, and blood transfusion, which was more prevalent among the controls, was the only variable with a significant difference among the age groups. The overall rate of maternal near miss was 21.1 per 1000 live births. There was a trend of higher maternal near miss with increasing age. The only significant risk factor identified for maternal near miss was a lower literacy level among older women. CONCLUSIONS: There is a trend towards worse results with increasing age. The investigation of the determinants of maternal near miss at the community level using an innovative approach through a demographic health survey is an example suggested for under-resourced settings

O direito à internet enquanto direito fundamental com base na Constituição Federal, no Marco Civil da Internet e na dignidade humana: algumas possíveis relações

O presente artigo busca analisar a possibilidade do direito de acesso à Internet ser enquadrado como um dos direitos fundamentais, como consequência do avanço e da integração tecnológica na sociedade contemporânea. Para tanto, analisa conceitos pertinentes ao tema, além de buscar elucidar o papel do Marco Civil da Internet e da Constituição Federal na normatização da democracia digital no Brasil, de modo a assegurar o caráter disciplinar e jurídico da matéria. Em síntese, emprega a pesquisa bibliográfica como metodologia e, quanto ao procedimento, utiliza como fonte os procedimentos técnicos de coleta bibliográfica através de materiais obtidos pela doutrina, legislações, jurisprudência e artigos disponíveis na Internet

Natural occurrence of nivalenol and mycotoxigenic potential of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> strains in wheat affected by head blight in Argentina

The principal agents of Fusarium head blight in the main cropping area of Argentina were investigated in heavily infected samples. The ability of the isolates to produce trichothecenes was determined by GC and HPLC. Fusarium graminearum was the predominant species and of 33 isolates, 10 produced deoxinivalenol (DON) (0.1- 29 mg kg-1), 13 produced both deoxinivalenol (1.0- 708 mg kg-1) and nivalenol (0.1- 6.2mg kg-1), 12 produced 3-acetyldeoxinivalenol (0.1- 14 mg kg-1), 13 produced 15-acetyldeoxinivalenol (0.1- 1.9 mg kg-1), 10 produced Fusarenone X (0.1- 2.4 mg kg-1) and 7 produced zearalenone (0.1- 0.6 mg kg-1). These results suggest that F. graminearum strains isolated from the wheat growing regions in Argentina belong to DON chemotype. Although some strains produced both deoxinivalenol and nivalenol, nivalenol was produced in lower levels. The natural occurrence of nivalenol in wheat affected by head-blight collected in the main production area during two years (2001-2002) was also determined. From 19 samples 13 were contaminated with deoxinivalenol in a range of 0.3 to 70 mg kg-1 and 2 samples with both deoxinivalenol (7.5 and 6.7 mg kg-1) and nivalenol (0.05 and 0.1 mg kg-1), respectively. This is the first report of natural occurrence of nivalenol in wheat cultivate in Argentina.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Measurements Until a 30% Reduction Is Attained During Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Admissions and Comparison With Discharge NT-proBNP Levels: Implications for In-Hospital Guidance of Treatment

AbstractBackgroundA >30% N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reduction at discharge in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) predicts a favorable prognosis. To study the feasibility of guiding ADHF treatment by measuring NT-proBNP well before discharge, we assessed at which moment during hospitalization patients attain a NT-proBNP reduction of >30% (target) and whether this target is still attained at discharge.MethodsTwenty-five consecutive ADHF patients with NT-proBNP >1,700 ng/L were included (original cohort). NT-proBNP was measured daily until the target was attained, at clinical stability, and at discharge and was analyzed as percentages of patients on target. For comparison purposes, the same analysis was performed in individual patient data from 2 other ADHF cohorts (42 and 111 patients, respectively), in which NT-proBNP was measured from admission to day 3 and at discharge.ResultsIn the original cohort of 25 patients (median age 70 years, 40% male), the cumulative percentage of patients attaining the target increased gradually during admission to 22 patients (88%) in a median of 3 days (interquartile range 2–5). In the comparison cohorts, a similar course was observed in patients attaining the target before discharge. Compared with levels measured at days 2 and 3, rebound NT-proBNP increases to levels off-target at discharge were seen in up to 33% of patients in the original and comparison cohorts.ConclusionA target >30% NT-proBNP reduction is gradually attained before discharge, and rebound NT-proBNP increases to levels off-target occur in up to 33% of ADHF patients who initially attained target early during admission

Extracting Block Copolymer Dynamics from GISAXS

4th. International symposium on DSA.(2018)4th. International symposium on DSA. 11-13. November, 2F Pearl Room, Sapporo Park Hotel. Japan (2018) .-http://dsasymp.org/program.htm