Methodology for studying the behavior of calves in confinement during the post-weaning phase

Twelve 60-day old, 120 kg mean initial age and weight, post-weaning Holstein calves were randomly distributed between two treatments (concentrates in meal or pellet form). The diet consisted of hay ad libitum and 2 kg daily of concentrates. Each animal was observed at six different time intervals: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. A repeated measure of experimental units design, in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement was used. The objective was to identify the most adequate time intervals to study ingestive behavior compared to the standard 5-minute observation interval scale. Treatments had no effect on the variables studied. Feeding, ruminating and idle activities duration times did no differ (P>0.05) among time interval scales. However, only in the 5- and 10-minute scales were the number of discrete periods of feeding, ruminating and idleness and their duration, statistically the same (P>0.05). Use of scales of up to 10-minute intervals between observations is recommended for this type of experiment (Pt

ABORDAGEM DE PACIENTES ACOMETIDOS POR INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO EM SERVIÇOS DE EMERGÊNCIA

To report on the scientific evidence on the approach to patients affected by acute myocardial infarction in emergency services. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for the studies involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the descriptors in health sciences: "Comprehensive health care", "Emergency" and "Acute myocardial infarction". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2014 and 2024, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: It is important to emphasize that within the initial approach it is necessary to carry out the primary procedures for differentiating the etiology of chest pain in the hospital context, which involves an adequate and rapid anamnesis. Conclusion: This study concludes that the approach to patients affected by AMI in the hospital setting should begin in the emergency department, starting with pain control with the help of analgesics.Relatar por meio das evidências cientificas acerca da abordagem de pacientes acometidos por infarto agudo do miocárdio em serviços de emergência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência integral à saúde”, “Emergência” e “Infarto agudo do miocárdio”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2014 e 2024, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: É importante ressaltar que dentro da abordagem inicial precisa-se realizar os procedimentos primários para a diferenciação da etiologia da dor torácica no contexto hospitalar que envolve uma anamnese adequada e rápida. Conclusão: O presente estudo conclui que a abordagem ao paciente acometido por IAM no contexto hospitalar deve-se iniciar nos setores de emergência iniciando pelo controle da dor com o auxílio da administração de analgésicos

Moisture Sensitivity of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Mixtures in Nebraska – Phase II

As a consequential effort to the previous NDOR research project (P564) on moisture damage, this report presents outcomes from this project incorporated with the previous project. Performance changes and fundamental material characteristics associated with moisture damage due to various anti-stripping additives in asphalt mixtures are studied through various experimental approaches and a numerical simulation. Three additives (i.e., one reference additive, hydrated lime, and two alternative additives: fly ash and cement) are investigated by adding them into two types of mixes (SP2 for low-traffic-volume roadways and SP5 for high-traffic-volume roadways) where two different asphalt binders (PG 64-22 for the SP2 mix and PG 70-28 for the SP5) are used. Two asphalt concrete mixture scale performance tests, the AASHTO T-283 and the APA under water, and two local-scale mixture constituent tests, the boiling water test (ASTM D 3625) and the pull-off test, are conducted to characterize the effects of binderspecific anti-stripping additives on the binder-aggregate bonding potential in mixtures. The pull-off tensile strength tests are then numerically modeled through the finite element technique incorporated with the cohesive zone modeling approach to seek more fundamental scientific insights into the effect of each anti-stripping additive on the overall moisture damage resistance. Results from laboratory tests and numerical simulations indicate that the SP5 mixtures, where high-quality aggregates and polymermodified binder are used, are fairly self-resistant to moisture damage without treating any anti-stripping additive and do not show any visible sensitivity among additives, whereas the effects of additives and their sensitivity are significant in the SP2 mixes that use the unmodified binder PG 64-22 and low-quality aggregates. With the limited amount of test data, hydrated lime seems to perform slightly better than other additives, particularly with longer moisture-conditioning time. Fly ash contributes to reducing moisture damage by improving binder-aggregate interfacial properties, which are validated from the integrated experimental-computational evaluation

Experimental Evaluation of Anti-stripping Additives in Bituminous Mixtures through Multiple Scale Laboratory Test Results

This paper presents performance changes and material characteristics associated with moisture dam-age due to anti-stripping additives in asphalt mixtures through various laboratory tests. Two additives (hydrated lime and fly ash) are investigated by adding them into two types of mixes where different asphalt binders and aggregates are used. Two widely used asphalt concrete mixture performance tests (the AASHTO T-283 and the asphalt pavement analyzer under water) and two mixture constituent tests (the boiling water test and the pull-off tensile strength test) are conducted to characterize the effects of anti-stripping additives on the binder-aggregate bonding potential in mixtures. Results from laboratory tests indicate that the mixes, where high-quality aggregates and polymer-modified binder are used, are fairly self-resistant to moisture damage without treating any anti-stripping additive and do not show any visible sensitivity between additives, whereas the effects of additives and their sensitivity are significant in the mixes that use the unmodified binder and low-quality aggregates. With the limited amount of test data, both hydrated lime and fly ash contribute to reducing moisture damage, which implies potential significant cost savings by the use of fly ash as an alternative additive