Análisis del estrés y las exigencias cinemáticas y fisiológicas de los bomberos durante la jornada laboral

The work of firefighters is considered one of the professions with greater physical demands and predisposition to suffer stress, due to the hazardous working conditions and the responsibility with human lives. The aims of the present study were to: (i) describe the kinematical, physiological and stress demands of firefighters, and (ii) compare these demands in relation to the experience years. Eight firefighters from the fire department of Cartagena participated voluntarily, dividing them into two groups: (1) experienced: >12 years (n=4); (2) novels: <7 years (n=4). The registered variables were total acceleration (AcelT), heart rate average (HRavg) and sympathetic-parasympathetic ratio (R-S|Ps). The results shown differences between activities, finding the highest values in sport and exits. In the between-groups comparison, differences in AcelT and HRavg in sport (p<.05), being higher in experienced group; and differences in R-S|Ps in practice and exits with urgency (p<.05), being higher in novels group. In conclusion, the firefighters with less experience suffer greater stress during workday. Therefore, it is necessary the incorporation of qualified staff to design specific training and coping strategies before the resolution of conflicts adapted to the real situation.El trabajo de los bomberos es considerado como una de las profesiones con mayor exigencia física y predisposición a padecer estrés, debido a las exigentes condiciones de trabajo y la responsabilidad sobre vidas humanas. Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron: (i) describir las exigencias cinemáticas, fisiológicas y de estrés en bomberos, y (ii) comparar estas exigencias en función de los años de experiencia. Ocho bomberos del parque del Ayuntamiento de Cartagena participaron voluntariamente, siendo divididos en dos grupos en función de la experiencia: (1) experimentados: >12 años (n=4); (2) noveles: <7 años (n=4). Se registraron las variables aceleración total (AcelT), frecuencia cardíaca media (FCmedia) y ratio simpático-parasimpático (R-S|Ps). Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre actividades, encontrando los mayores valores en deporte y salidas. En el análisis inter-grupos, se encontraron diferencias en las variables AcelT y FCmedia en deporte, siendo mayor en los bomberos experimentados (p<.05); y en la variable R-S|Ps en Práctica y Salida con urgencia (p<.05), siendo mayor en los noveles. En conclusión, los bomberos con menos experiencia sufren un mayor estrés durante la jornada laboral. Por tanto, es necesario la incorporación de personal cualificado para diseñar una planificación específica del entrenamiento y de las estrategias de afrontamiento ante la resolución de conflictos adaptadas a la situación real

Validez del dispositivo inercial WIMU PRO para el registro de la frecuencia cardiaca en un test de campo

Introduction. Technological advances have contributed to improve physiological and kinematical data collection in training sessions and competition matches. Inertial devices as WIMU PROTM (RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain) composed by different sensors (four accelerometers, two gyroscopes, a magnetometer, a GNSS chip to global tracking through satellite triangulation, a UWB chip to indoor sports tracking, Ant+ and Bluetooth receivers, among others) is used in different sports situations. It is important to know the validity and precision of measurement data because it is used in real game contexts. Objective. Evaluate inertial unit WIMU PROTM validity to collect heart rate (HR) data in relation to validated device Polar Team 2®. Participants. 15 under-16 football players participated voluntarily in this research (age: 15,40 ± 0,50 years, height: 169,26 ± 0,08 cm, weight: 62,00 ± 12,32 kg). Procedure. Football players performed RSA test (adapted from Bangsbo 2008) composed of 7 sprints of 30 meters with 20 seconds active recovery between sprints, which simulated the real demands of football matches. Results. It was found and very strong correlation between WIMU PROTM and Polar Team 2® data (r2=.958, p<.001). Conclusions. WIMU PROTMinertial device is valid to register heart rate data in football.Los avances tecnológicos han contribuido a la mejora de la colección de datos fisiológicos y cinemáticos con relación a la competición y los entrenamientos. Dispositivos inerciales tales como WIMUPROTM (RealTrack Systems, Almería, España) compuesto por diferentes sensores (cuatro acelerómetros, dos giróscopos, un magnetómetro, un chip GNSS para posicionamiento global mediante satélite, un chip UWB para posicionamiento por radiofrecuencia de onda corta en deportes indoor, receptor de Ant+ y Bluetooth, entre otros)se utilizan dentro de una variedad de situaciones deportivas.  Es importante conocer la validez y precisión del dato de dichas mediciones ya que se utilizan en contextos reales del juego. Objetivo. Evaluar la validez del dispositivo inercial WIMU PROTM para registrar la variable frecuencia cardiaca (FC) en relación con un dispositivo validado como es Polar Team 2®.Participantes. 15 jugadores de fútbol de categoría cadete participaron voluntariamente en este estudio(edad:15,40 ± 0,50 años, altura:169,26 ± 0,08 cm, peso:62,00 ± 12,32 kg). Procedimiento. Los individuos que componen la muestra llevaron a cabo el test RSA (adaptado de Bangsbo 2008) el cual consta de 7 sprints de 30 metros con una recuperación activa entre ellos de 20 segundos, el cual simula las exigencias reales de competición en fútbol. Resultados.Se encontró una correlación muy alta entre los datos obtenidos por el registro del dispositivo WIMU PROTM y los realizados por el dispositivo Polar Team 2® (r2=.958, p<.001). Conclusiones. El dispositivo inercial WIMU PROTMes válido para registrar la variable de intensidad de actividad física frecuencia cardiaca en fútbol

First manic/hypomanic episode in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients treated with antidepressants: a systematic review

High doses of antidepressants, particularly clomipramine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are the well-established treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but manic/hypomanic episodes are potential adverse events associated with this treatment. A systematic literature review was performed on manic/ hypomanic episodes in non-bipolar OCD patients. Clinical, sociodemographic and antidepressant characteristics during the manic/hypomanic switch were extracted using descriptive statistics. Data were obtained from 20 case reports and case series. Switching episodes mostly appeared in the first 12 weeks after antidepressant initiation and took place more frequently during SSRI use (mostly fluoxetine) in 64.3% of cases. Clomipramine and SSRI use differed non-significantly between the switching episodes that appeared during the first 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment and the episodes that appeared beyond 12 weeks. Switching episodes emerging before 12 weeks were associated with a lower defined daily dose of antidepressants than episodes emerging after 12 weeks. These findings suggest that there are two independent characteristics involved in manic/hypomanic switch in OCD: a) they appeared most frequently with SSRI use (fluoxetine) regardless of the time of it use, and b) episodes appeared in the first 12 weeks after SSRI or clomipramine initiation had a lower dose of antidepressant than episodes appeared after 12 weeks

Brain structural alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with autogenous and reactive obsessions

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition. Although structural brain alterations have been consistently reported in OCD, their interaction with particular clinical subtypes deserves further examination. Among other approaches, a two-group classification in patients with autogenous and reactive obsessions has been proposed. The purpose of the present study was to assess, by means of a voxel-based morphometry analysis, the putative brain structural correlates of this classification scheme in OCD patients. Ninety-five OCD patients and 95 healthy controls were recruited. Patients were divided into autogenous (n = 30) and reactive (n = 65) sub-groups. A structural magnetic resonance image was acquired for each participant and pre-processed with SPM8 software to obtain a volume-modulated gray matter map. Whole-brain and voxel-wise comparisons between the study groups were then performed. In comparison to the autogenous group, reactive patients showed larger gray matter volumes in the right Rolandic operculum. When compared to healthy controls, reactive patients showed larger volumes in the putamen (bilaterally), while autogenous patients showed a smaller left anterior temporal lobe. Also in comparison to healthy controls, the right middle temporal gyrus was smaller in both patient subgroups. Our results suggest that autogenous and reactive obsessions depend on partially dissimilar neural substrates. Our findings provide some neurobiological support for this classification scheme and contribute to unraveling the neurobiological basis of clinical heterogeneity in OCD

Altered corticostriatal functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Context: neurobiological models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) emphasize disturbances in the function and connectivity of brain corticostriatal networks, or 'loops.' Although neuroimaging studies of patients have supported this network model of OCD, very few have applied measurements that are sensitive to brain connectivity features. Objective: using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested the hypothesis that OCD is associated with disturbances in the functional connectivity of primarily ventral corticostriatal regions, measured from coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Design: case-control cross-sectional study. Setting: hospital referral OCD unit and magnetic resonance imaging facility. Participants: a total of 21 patients with OCD (10 men, 11 women) and 21 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and estimated intelligence. Main outcome measures: voxelwise statistical parametric maps testing the strength of functional connectivity of 4 striatal seed regions of interest (dorsal caudate nucleus, ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens, dorsal putamen, and ventral putamen) with remaining brain areas. Results: for both groups, there was a clear distinction in the pattern of cortical connectivity of dorsal and ventral striatal regions, consistent with the notion of segregated motor, associative, and limbic corticostriatal networks. Between groups, patients with OCD had significantly increased functional connectivity along a ventral corticostriatal axis, implicating the orbitofrontal cortex and surrounding areas. The specific strength of connectivity between the ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens and the anterior orbitofrontal cortex predicted patients' overall symptom severity (r(2) = 0.57; P < .001). Additionally, patients with OCD showed evidence of reduced functional connectivity of the dorsal striatum and lateral prefrontal cortex, and of the ventral striatum with the region of the midbrain ventral tegmental area. Conclusions: this study directly supports the hypothesis that OCD is associated with functional alterations of brain corticostriatal networks. Specifically, our findings emphasize abnormal and heightened functional connectivity of ventrolimbic corticostriatal regions in patients with OCD

Inhibidores selectivos de la monoamino oxidasa. 1. Hidracinas de formilimidazoles 1-sustitudos

Se ha preparado una serie de hidracinometilimidazoles I-sustituidos y estudiado su actividad IMAO. Los ensayos in vitro revelan que los I-arilimidazoles son inhibidores selectivos de la MAO A a bajas concentraciones.A series of hydrazinomethylimidazole I-sustituted was prepared and evaluated for their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity. In vitro testing revealed that the 1- arylimidazole derivatives were selectively inhibitors of MAO A at low concentrations

Treatment outcome of patients with comorbid type 1 diabetes and eating disorders

Background: Co-morbidity between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and eating disorders (ED) has been previously described; however the effect of this illness on the outcomes for conventional ED treatments has not been previously investigated. This study aims to compare clinical, psychopathological and personality features between two samples of ED individuals: those with comorbid T1DM and those without (No-DM); and to identify differences in treatment outcomes between the groups. Methods: This study compares treatment outcome, dropouts, ED psychopathology and personality characteristics for 20 individuals with ED and T1DM and 20 ED patients without diabetes, matched for diagnostic and treatment type. Results: The study found higher dropout rates from therapy in individuals with T1DM and worse treatment outcome in spite of having no significant differences in eating disorder psychopathology, although individuals with T1DM report misusing insulin. Conclusions: The low levels of motivation to change, and insulin abuse in T1DM patients, may suggest that treatment for patients with ED and T1DM should consider the individual's personality and role of insulin abuse when determining the appropriate intervention

Damage Assessment and Recovery Mapping for the "Las Peñuelas" Wildfire, Moguer (Huelva). Satellite Imagery. Year 2017

[EN] Deep knowledge of the regeneration processes after a forest fire is key to addressing their adverse environmental impacts, these are especially evident in the vegetation. In the post-fire environment context, the fire severity constitutes a critical variable that affects the ecosystem response in terms of vegetation recovery and hydrogeomorphological dynamics after the fire. Therefore, the severity accurate assessment is essential for the burned areas management because of it allows the identification of priority areas and, therefore, it helps to carry out recovery strategies and measures. The area of interest is located in the natural place of Las Peñuelas (Huelva), where a large fire took place on June 24, 2017 that affected almost 10 000 ha. The methodology was based on the calculation of the RBR (Relativized Burn Ratio) spectral index to estimate the severity of the fire, and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) index to evaluate the recovery of vegetal vigor. For the work, images from the Sentinel-2 and Pleiades satellites, images acquired by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and field samplings were used. The result was a cartography showing the levels of recovery or degradation of the affected vegetation.[ES] Conocer en profundidad los procesos de regeneración después de un incendio forestal es fundamental para afrontar las consecuencias adversas de éstos sobre el medio natural. En este contexto, la severidad del fuego constituye una variable crítica porque condiciona la respuesta del ecosistema en términos de regeneración vegetal y dinámica hidrogeomorfológica tras el incendio. Por tanto, su correcta evaluación es fundamental para la gestión de las zonas quemadas ya que permite priorizar las áreas de actuación y, por tanto, ayuda en la adopción de estrategias y medidas de recuperación. El área de trabajo está localizada en el paraje de Las Peñuelas (Huelva), donde tuvo lugar un gran incendio el 24 de junio de 2017 que afectó a unas 10 000 ha. La metodología se basó en el cálculo del índice espectral RBR (Relativized Burn Ratio) para la estimación de la severidad, y el índice NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) para la evaluación de la recuperación del vigor vegetal. Para el trabajo se utilizaron imágenes procedentes de los satélite Sentinel-2 y Pléiades, fotografías adquiridas mediante UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), y muestreos de campo. El resultado fue una cartografía donde se muestran los niveles de recuperación o retroceso de la vegetación afectada.En el marco de los trabajos del Grupo de Trabajo Científico-Técnico encargado de la restauración del incendio de “Las Peñuelas” 2017, este artículo ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración del Espacio Natural de Doñana, por su contribución en la recogida de datos en las distintas campañas de campo y sus aportaciones técnicas en relación con el conocimiento exhaustivo del ámbito afectado. Por otro lado, agradecemos a AMAYA y La Caixa la aportación de información procedente de la campaña de campo con dron. También queremos agradecer a AIRBUS Defence and Space su colaboración en la optimización de procesos operativos y administrativos para la adquisición de imágenes Pléiades por parte de Rediam.Vales, J.; Pino, I.; Granado, L.; Prieto, R.; Méndez, E.; Rodríguez, M.; Giménez De Azcárate, F.... (2020). Cartografía de la afección y recuperación vegetal del incendio de Las Peñuelas en Moguer (Huelva) con imágenes satelitales. Año 2017. Revista de Teledetección. 0(57):79-94. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2020.13082OJS799405

Task-induced deactivation from rest extends beyond the default mode brain network

Activity decreases, or deactivations, of midline and parietal cortical brain regions are routinely observed in human functional neuroimaging studies that compare periods of task-based cognitive performance with passive states, such as rest. It is now widely held that such task-induced deactivations index a highly organized"default-mode network" (DMN): a large-scale brain system whose discovery has had broad implications in the study of human brain function and behavior. In this work, we show that common task-induced deactivations from rest also occur outside of the DMN as a function of increased task demand. Fifty healthy adult subjects performed two distinct functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks that were designed to reliably map deactivations from a resting baseline. As primary findings, increases in task demand consistently modulated the regional anatomy of DMN deactivation. At high levels of task demand, robust deactivation was observed in non-DMN regions, most notably, the posterior insular cortex. Deactivation of this region was directly implicated in a performance-based analysis of experienced task difficulty. Together, these findings suggest that task-induced deactivations from rest are not limited to the DMN and extend to brain regions typically associated with integrative sensory and interoceptive processes

Sex-specific association between the cortisol awakening response and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in healthy individuals

Background: Previous studies have shown associations between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity (HPA). We aimed to investigate the association between obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and HPA axis functionality in a non-clinical sample and to explore whether there are sex differences in this relationship. Methods: One hundred eighty-three healthy individuals without any psychiatric diagnosis (80 men, 103 women; mean age 41.3 ± 17.9 years) were recruited from the general population. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R) was used to assess OC symptoms. State-trait anxiety, perceived stress, and stressful life events were also assessed. Saliva cortisol levels were determined at 6 time points (awakening, 30 and 60 min post-awakening, 10:00 a.m., 23:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m. the following day of 0.25 mg dexamethasone intake [that occurred at 23:00 p.m.]). Three HPA axis measures were calculated: cortisol awakening response (CAR), cortisol diurnal slope, and cortisol suppression ratio after dexamethasone (DSTR). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between OC symptoms and HPA axis measures while adjusting for covariates. Our main analyses were focused on OCI-R total score, but we also explored associations with specific OC symptom dimensions. Results: No significant differences were observed between males and females in OC symptoms, anxiety measures, stress, or cortisol measures. In the multiple linear regression analyses between overall OC symptoms and HPA axis measures, a female sex by OC symptoms significant interaction (standardized beta = − 0.322; p = 0.023) for the CAR (but not cortisol diurnal slope nor DSTR) was found. Regarding specific symptom dimensions, two other sex interactions were found: a blunted CAR was associated with obsessing symptoms in women, whereas a more flattened diurnal cortisol slope was associated with ordering symptoms in men. Conclusions: There are sex differences in the association between OC symptoms and HPA axis measures in healthy individuals