Identifying sustainability priorities among value chain actors in artisanal common octopus fisheries

The United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science highlights a need to improve the way in which scientific results effectively inform action and policies regarding the ocean. Our research contributes to achieving this goal by identifying practical actions, barriers, stakeholder contributions and resources required to increase the sustainability of activities carried out in the context of artisanal fisheries to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) Global Action Plan (GAP) Pillar targets. We conducted a novel ‘social value chain analysis’ via a participatory workshop to elicit perspectives of value chain actors and fisheries stakeholders associated with two Spanish artisanal common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fisheries (western Asturias—Marine Stewardship Council [MSC] certified, and Galicia—non-MSC certified) about their priorities regarding sustainable octopus production and commercializationOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cephs and Chefs Project (https://www.cephsandchefs.com/) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme grant number EAPA_282/2016. CP, TF, KR and DC would also like to acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. CP acknowledges the FCT research contract 2020.02510.CEECIND. SV and PP acknowledge the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (https://www.xunta.gal/portada) (RECREGES II project under Grant 1400 ED481B2018/017 and Grupo de Referencia Competitiva GI-2060 AEMI, under Grant 1401 ED431C2019/11). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptS

Identifying sustainability priorities among value chain actors in artisanal common octopus fisheries

30 pages, 6 figures, 1 table.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International LicenseThe United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science highlights a need to improve the way in which scientific results effectively inform action and policies regarding the ocean. Our research contributes to achieving this goal by identifying practical actions, barriers, stakeholder contributions and resources required to increase the sustainability of activities carried out in the context of artisanal fisheries to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) Global Action Plan (GAP) Pillar targets. We conducted a novel ‘social value chain analysis’ via a participatory workshop to elicit perspectives of value chain actors and fisheries stakeholders associated with two Spanish artisanal common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fisheries (western Asturias—Marine Stewardship Council [MSC] certified, and Galicia—non-MSC certified) about their priorities regarding sustainable octopus production and commercialization. Our adapted Rapfish sustainability framework emphasised the importance of economic, environmental, ethical, institutional, social, and technological indicators to different actors across the value chain. We mapped participants’ shared sustainability priorities (e.g. integrated fisheries management, knowledge-based management, product traceability) to six Rapfish indicators, seven IYAFA Pillars and twelve SDGs to reveal how our results can inform ocean policy and actions. This identified how certification incentives and other cooperative approaches can facilitate environmental, economic and social sustainability (e.g. value-added products, price premiums for producers, gender inclusive organisations); support IYAFA priority outcomes (raised awareness, strengthened science-policy interface, empowered stakeholders, partnerships); and help to achieve UN SDG targets (e.g. SDG 14.b, SDG 17.17). The results can inform actors, stakeholders and policymakers about how different actors contribute to efforts to achieve the SDGs and how to manage priorities for sustainable actions within artisanal fisheries and their value chains. We recommend inclusive and equitable participatory knowledge transfer and governance platforms as part of the UN Decade of Ocean Science and beyond where participants can create theories of change towards sustainability involving the development of multi-sectoral ocean policies framed at the level of the value chain and supported by appropriate governance structuresOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cephs and Chefs Project (https://www.cephsandchefs.com/) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme grant number EAPA_282/2016. CP, TF, KR and DC would also like to acknowledge financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. CP acknowledges the FCT research contract 2020.02510.CEECIND. SV and PP acknowledge the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (https://www.xunta.gal/portada) (RECREGES II project under Grant 1400 ED481B2018/017 and Grupo de Referencia Competitiva GI-2060 AEMI, under Grant 1401 ED431C2019/11)Peer reviewe

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Rol del ejercicio físico crónico en la regulación de la lipofagia en un modelo de esteatosis hepática, inducida por una dieta alta en grasas

Grado de magíster en fisiologíaLa esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA) es una de las patologías más comunes en las sociedades de occidente. La EHNA está fuertemente relacionada con la obesidad y los trastornos asociados a ella, la génesis de esta patología no está del todo clara, debido a los múltiples factores que pueden promover la acumulación de grasa en el hígado. Al contrario, se ha descrito que la autofagia podría contribuir al manejo correcto de los lípidos en las células hepáticas, mediante un proceso específico llamado lipofagia. La autofagia es un mecanismo altamente conservado en células eucariontes y consiste en un proceso catabólico de organelos, proteínas y de constituyentes citoplasmáticos, mediado por los lisosomas. Diversos estudios han descrito que la autofagia está disminuida en condiciones de obesidad y EHNA. Por otra parte, se ha encontrado que el ejercicio físico de tipo aeróbico aumenta los niveles de autofagia. El objetivo de este proyecto es estudiar la regulación de la autofagia/lipofagia en el hígado por el ejercicio físico crónico, en ratones con EHNA inducida por alimentación con una dieta alta en grasas. La hipótesis de esta tesis es: El ejercicio aeróbico crónico de 8 semanas revierte la disminución de la lipofagia en hígado graso inducido por una alimentación con dieta alta de grasa en ratones. Los animales utilizados son ratones C57BL/6. 36 ratones divididos en dos grupos fueron sometidos a una alimentación con dieta control (DC) y dieta alta en grasas (DAG) durante 3 meses. Posterior a esos 3 meses estos grupos experimentales fueron sub-divididos en 4, DC n=9, y DC más ejercicio físico (DCE n=9), DAG n=9, DAG más ejercicio físico (DAGE n=9). Los grupos que realizaron ejercicio físico fueron sometidos a un protocolo de ejercicio físico crónico durante 8 semanas, 5 veces por semana. Entre los resultados se encuentra que el ejercicio físico aeróbico crónico mejora la condición física aeróbica tanto de los animales controles como de los sometidos a una dieta alta en grasas. El peso del hígado de ratones sometidos a una dieta alta en grasas más ejercicio es menor en comparación a la dieta alta en grasa sin ejercicio. Se encontró que el ejercicio físico disminuye el daño hepático medido mediante la alanina aminotransferasa y además presenta un mejor metabolismo de la glucosa. El grupo sometido a ejercicio físico y dieta alta en grasas presenta menor área de las gotas de lípidos con respecto al grupo alto en grasas sin ejercicio. Los animales alimentados con dieta alta en grasas presentan mayor relación entre LC3II/LC3I, sin embargo, el ejercicio crónico no cambio esta relación. La lipofagia no presenta diferencias entre los diferentes grupos, encontrando resultados similares en todos ellos, por lo que el ejercicio físico no estaría induciendo este proceso en el hígado. Conclusiones: el ejercicio físico aeróbico crónico mejora la condición física aeróbica, disminuye el peso del hígado en el grupo sometido a una dieta alta en grasas, reduce el daño hepático, mejora la tolerancia a la glucosa, cambia la morfología de los lípidos intrahepáticos y no modifica el proceso de autofagia/lipofagia. En resumen, el ejercicio físico aeróbico crónico mejora aspectos metabólicos que favorecen la reducción de la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica, por lo tanto, estos resultados sugieren que el ejercicio físico puede ser de ayuda en el tratamiento de esteatosis hepática.Non-alcoholic Fatty liver Diseases hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) is one of the most common pathologies in western societies. NAFLD is strongly related to obesity and related disorders. However, the genesis of this pathology is not entirely clear, due to the multiple factors that promote the accumulation of fat in the liver. By contrast, it has been described that autophagy could contribute to the correct handling of lipids in liver cells, through a specific degradation process called lipophagy. Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells and consists of a catabolic process of organelles, proteins and cytoplasmic constituents, mediated by lysosomes. Several studies have described that autophagy is decreased in conditions of obesity and NAFLD. On the other hand, it has been found that aerobic physical exercise increases the levels of autophagy. The objective of this project was to study the if chronic physical exercise regulates regulation of autophagy/lipophagy in the liver in mice with high fat diet-induced NAFLD. The hypothesis of this thesis is " 8-week chronic aerobic exercise reverses the decrease of lipophagy in high fat diet-induced fatty liver in mice." The animal model used was C57BL/6 mice. 36 mice were divided into two groups were subjected to a control diet (DC) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. After these 12 weeks, groups were sub-divided into 4 groups, DC (n = 9), and DC plus physical exercise (DCE, n = 9), HFD (n = 9), HFD plus physical exercise (HFDE, n = 9). The groups that performed physical exercise were subjected to a protocol of chronic physical exercise for 8 weeks, 5 times a week. The results showed that chronic aerobic physical exercise improves the aerobic physical condition of both control animals and those subjected to an HFD. The liver weight of mice subjected to a HFD plus exercise is lower compared to the HFD without exercise. It was found that physical exercise reduces liver damage measured by alanine aminotransferase and also improves glucose tolerance. The group subjected to physical exercise and HFD has a lower area of lipid droplets compared to the HFD group. Mice fed with HFD have a higher relationship between LC3II/LC3I, however, chronic exercise does not change this relationship. The lipophagy does not present differences between the different groups, finding similar results in all of them, so that physical exercise would not be inducing this process in the liver. The conclusions are that chronic aerobic exercise improves aerobic fitness, decreases liver weight, reduces liver damage, improves glucose tolerance and changes the morphology of intrahepatic lipids (and autophagy) in mice fed with HFD. In summary, chronic aerobic physical exercise improves metabolic aspects that favor the reduction of NAFLD, therefore, these results suggest that physical exercise can be of help in the treatment of hepatic steatosis

Utilización del aprendizaje inductivo en la toma de decisiones. Aplicación en un problema de secuenciación

El aprendizaje inductivo, que pertenece al campo de la inteligencia artificial, permite resolver un problema mediante el empleo de problemas resueltos en el pasado similares al planteado. En este artículo se describen las principales características del aprendizaje inductivo, así como las aplicaciones más comunes en las que se utiliza esta técnica. Asimismo, a modo de ejemplo, se presenta de forma detallada, una aplicación en la que se emplea aprendizaje inductivo. En ésta, se resuelve un problema de secuenciación en un sistema de fabricación flexible (FMS, de Flexible Manufacturing System). En este tipo de sistemas, la forma habitual de secuenciar dinámicamente los trabajos es mediante el empleo de reglas de secuenciación. Sin embargo, el problema de este método es que el comportamiento de las reglas depende del estado del sistema de fabricación, y no existe una regla que supere a las demás en todos los posibles estados que puede presentar el mismo. Para resolver este inconveniente, se presenta una metodología que utiliza aprendizaje inductivo que permite usar, en cada momento, la regla de secuenciación más adecuada

Elaboração de um planejamento de marketing para a empresa Ativva Projeto & obra

Orientador: Romeu Rossler TelmaMonografia(Especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Especialização em Marketing EmpresarialResumo: O planejamento das estratégias de ação é ferramenta fundamental para o processo de tomada de decisão em uma empresa que pretende se manter competitiva no mercado. As estratégias de marketing devem ser definidas de modo a orientar as ações mercadológicas, visando a atingir de maneira eficaz os objetivos a que a empresa se propõe. A "Atiwa Projeto & Obra", por ser uma empresa nova no mercado de construção civil e arquitetura, na cidade de Cruz Alta (RS), deseja nortear suas ações de marketing através de um planejamento envolvendo os quatro pilares básicos do composto de marketing: produto, preço, distribuição e comunicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir as estratégias de marketing que serão colocadas em prática pela empresa no ano de 2006. Para chegar a essas estratégias, foi realizada uma análise ambiental da empresa, compreendendo seus ambientes interno e externo. Após essa primeira etapa, foram traçados os objetivos gerais da empresa e sua missão. Finalmente, de posse desses dados, foi elaborado o planejamento das ações de marketing, para posterior implementação e controle

Lipid droplets are both highly oxidized and Plin2-covered in hepatocytes of diet-induced obese mice

Chronic high-fat diet feeding is associated with obesity and accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to the development of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This condition is characterized by the presence of a high number of intrahepatic lipid droplets (LDs), with changes in the perilipin pattern covering them. This work aimed to describe the distribution of perilipin (Plin) 2, an LD-associated protein involved in neutral lipid storage, and Plin5, which favors lipid oxidation in LD, and to evaluate lipid peroxidation through live-cell visualization using the lipophilic fluorescent probe C11-BODIPY581/591 in fresh hepatocytes isolated from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J adult mice were divided into control and HFD groups and fed with a control diet (10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates) or an HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) for 8 weeks. The animals fed the HFD showed a significant increase of Plin2 in LD of hepatocytes. LD from HFD-fed mice have a stronger lipid peroxidation level than control hepatocytes. These data provide evidence that obesity status is accompanied by a higher degree of lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes, both in the cytoplasm and in the fats stored inside the LD. Novelty • Our study shows that lipid droplets from isolated hepatocytes in HFD-fed mice have a stronger lipid peroxidation level than control hepatocytes. • C11-BODIPY581/591 is a useful tool to measure the initial level of intracellular lipid peroxidation in single isolated hepatocytes. • Perilipins pattern changes with HFD feeding, showing an increase of Plin2 covering lipid droplets.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Biol Res

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates energy metabolism, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and exerts its actions mainly through the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1). Likewise, autophagy is involved in several cellular processes. It is required for the normal development of muscle mass and metabolism, and its deregulation is associated with diseases. It is known that the CB1 regulates signaling pathways that control autophagy, however, it is currently unknown whether the ECS could regulate autophagy in the skeletal muscle of obese mice. This study aimed to investigate the role of the CB1 in regulating autophagy in skeletal muscle. We found concomitant deregulation in the ECS and autophagy markers in high-fat diet-induced obesity. In obese CB1-KO mice, the autophagy-associated protein LC3 II does not accumulate when mTOR and AMPK phosphorylation levels do not change. Acute inhibition of the CB1 with JD-5037 decreased LC3 II protein accumulation and autophagic flux. Our results suggest that the CB1 regulates autophagy in the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle in both lean and obese mice. © 2023, The Author(s).La signalisation des acides biliaires dans le cerveau et son rôle dans le contrôle métaboliqueRôle du récepteur aux cannabinoïdes de type 1 mitochondriale dans les circuits hypothalamiques et son interaction avec la voie mTORC1 dans l'obésité.Bordeaux Region Aquitaine Initiative for NeuroscienceInnovations instrumentales et procédurales en psychopathologie expérimentale chez le rongeu