Two uncommon cases of uterine leiomyosarcomas displaying heterologous osteosarcomatous de-differentiation

Uterine leiomyosarcomas uncommonly arise on a background of leiomyomas. Still rare is osteosarcomatous dedifferentiation in such tumors. A 60-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and underwent radiological imaging that disclosed a large, well-defined, heterogeneously enhancing uterine tumor. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. Another, 38-year-old female with the complaints of infertility underwent myomectomy for multiple fibroids. Multiple tumor sections from both the cases showed leiomyomas along with leiomyosarcomas and osteosarcomatous dedifferentiation. Immunohistochemically, both the tumors displayed diffuse expression of smooth muscle markers in areas of leiomyomas, reduced expression of the same in areas of leiomyosarcoma and absent expression in areas of osteosarcomatous dedifferentiation. Unfortunately, both the cases were lost to follow-up. Present cases constitute as rare documentations of uterine leiomyosarcomas, arising on a background of leiomyomas and exhibiting osteosarcomatous dedifferentiation. The value of identifying these tumor components, with extensive tumor sampling relates to their relatively aggressive clinical course

Squamous carcinoma coexistent with teratoma of ovary: A clinicopathological study of 12 cases diagnosed over a 10-year period at a tertiary cancer referral center

Background: Somatic malignancy in an ovarian teratoma including a squamous carcinoma (SCC) is rare. Clinicopathological features of 12 ovarian teratomas with coexistent SCCs are presented. Materials and Methods: Over a 10-year-period, 12 ovarian teratomas with coexistent SCCs were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The age range was 31-68 years (median, 49), and the tumor size (nine cases) varied from 10 to 18 cm (mean, 12.4). Stage-wise (10 cases), 7 cases (70%) were in stage I; a single case (10%) in stage II, and two (20%) cases were in stage III. Microscopically, all 12 tumors revealed mature teratoma with SCC, as a discrete tumor (6, 50%), or arising from the epithelium of the teratoma in six (50%) cases. SCC component was commonly moderately differentiated (eight cases) or poorly differentiated (three cases). P63 immunostaining reinforced squamous differentiation in a single poorly differentiated SCC and CK5/6 in another tumor. All patients underwent surgery. Two cases revealed positive lymph nodes and contiguous colonic involvement. Three patients (stages II and III) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy (CT). Outcomes (seven patients) (3-58 months) included five patients who are free-of-disease (all stage I) and two patients who are alive-with-disease (stages I and III). Conclusion: SCC and coexistent ovarian teratomas are rare. Most cases present at an early stage, commonly in perimenopausal women. Teratomas occurring in such patients should be optimally sampled for SCC. Teratomas coexistent with SCC are invariably mature-type. P63 is useful in differentiating poorly differentiated SCC from germ cell tumor components. Surgery forms the treatment mainstay. Adjuvant CT may be offered in high-stage that forms as an adverse prognostic parameter