Electro-Catalytic process for the Synthesis of Organic Compounds and their Biological Applications.

In fact, electrochemical method (EC) is a specific and eco-friendly technique with several advantages over common organic synthesis methods. During EC no as such external catalysts are required to initiate the reaction, the current potential in itself acts as a catalyst. Most of the inactive organic compounds can be converted to active species by EC method. This method results in the synthesis of compounds with high yield and purity. This method is also good to be applied for the synthesis of thermally sensitive organic compounds. Such synthesis has significant selectivity and reactivity which enable the synthesis of such compounds that are not feasible while using the conventional methods. This review provides insight into the utilization of EC method in the synthesis of organic compounds and their derivatives. Various prerequisites for such synthesis have been highlighted. The EC method application for preparation of derivatives of benzofuran, and benzoxazole, oxidation of N, N, N\u27, N\u27tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, 5-diethoxy-4-morpholinoaniline, organic compounds containing C=N, benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and tetratomic Thioethers have been discussed in detail. In addition, the electrochemical synthesis of biomedical important compounds has been presented. The compounds synthesized through EC methods shows potential antimicrobial activity. Deferent researchers work to study the potential biological application of organic compounds synthesized through EC process. The anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and other important biological activities has been investigated

Production of high‐purity hydrogen and layered doubled hydroxide by the hydrolysis of Mg‐Al alloys

Hydrogen is becoming an important clean energy and layered doubled hydroxide (LDH) is of great interest for many applications, including water treatment, environmental remediation, and chemical catalysis. The production of high‐purity hydrogen and LDH by the hydrolysis of Mg‐Al alloys is reported. The effects of initial pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, and alloy's Mg/Al mass ratio on the rate of hydrogen generation and the purity of LDH are evaluated and the solid hydrolysis products are characterized by different techniques. The initial rate of hydrogen generation increases with decreasing initial pH and increasing reaction temperature and Mg/Al ratio while the purity of LDH increases with Mg/Al ratio, reaction temperature and time. This study may provide a new, green, and sustainable approach for storage of hydrogen and material for water treatment

Rapid removal of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene in water by aluminum-iron alloy particles

Water contamination with chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform (CHCl3), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the major public health concerns. In this study, we explored the use of aluminum-iron alloys particles in millimeter scale for rapid removal of CHCl3, CCl4 and TCE from water. Three types of Al-Fe alloy particles containing 10, 20 and 58 wt% of Fe (termed as Al-Fe10, Al-Fe20 and Al-Fe58) were prepared and characterized by electrochemical polarization, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer. For concentrations of 30-180 μg/L CHCl3, CCl4 and TCE, a removal efficiency of 45-64% was achieved in a hydraulic contact time of less than 3 min through a column packed with 0.8-2 mm diameter of Al-Fe alloy particles. The concentration of Al and Fe ions released into water was less than 0.15 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. Alloying Al with Fe enhances reactivity towards chlorinated hydrocarbons' degradation and the enhancement is likely the consequence of galvanic effects between different phases (Al, Fe and intermetallic Al-Fe compounds such as Al13Fe4, Fe3Al and FeAl2) and catalytic role of these intermetallic Al-Fe compounds. The results demonstrate that the use of Al-Fe alloy particles offers a viable and green option for chlorinated hydrocarbons' removal in water treatment

Production of hydrogen, active zerovalent iron and ferroferric oxide octahedron by alkaline etching Al–Fe alloys

Hydrogen is becoming important clean energy while zerovalent iron (ZVI) and ferroferric oxide are of great interest to many applications including environmental remediation and chemical catalysis. Here, we report production of hydrogen, zerovalent iron and ferroferric oxide octahedron by etching Al–Fe alloys using NaOH solutions. The rate of hydrogen generation increased with increasing NaOH concentration and the alloy's particle size and decreasing the alloy's Fe concentration. Alkaline etching Al–Fe alloy particles of 425–850 μm produced 19–53 μm ZVI particles, which had paralleled ravines of 0.2–0.3 μm wide on the surface and possessed specific surface areas of 30–70 m2/g. The microscale ZVI was highly active for the removal of a model pollutant acid orange 7 from water. After 3–6 h ageing in the alkaline etching solution, the microscale ZVI particles were transformed to octahedral ferroferric oxide with saturation magnetization of 68.2 emu/g and residual magnetization of 13.2 emu/g and a coercive force of 330 Oe. This study provides a new approach for a facile synthesis of highly active ZVI and octahedral ferroferric oxide along with on-board generation of hydrogen from Al–Fe alloys