Surface-Confined Atomic Silver Centers Catalyzing Formaldehyde Oxidation

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a prior pollutant in both indoor and outdoor air, and catalytic oxidation proves the most promising technology for HCHO abatement. For this purpose, supported metal catalysts with single silver atoms confined at 4-fold O₄-terminated surface hollow sites of a hollandite manganese oxide (HMO) as catalytic centers were synthesized and investigated in the complete oxidation of HCHO. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns, X-ray absorption spectra, and electron diffraction tomography revealed that geometric structures and electronic states of the catalytic centers were tuned by the changes of HMO structures via controllable metal–support interactions. The catalytic tests demonstrated that the catalytically active centers with high electronic density of states and strong redox ability are favorable for enhancement of the catalytic efficiency in the HCHO oxidation. This work provides a strategy for designing efficient oxidation catalysts for controlling air pollution

Survival analyses of inflammatory biomarkers and clinicopatholigic factors.

<p>Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; TNM, tumour node metastasis; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease-free survival.</p><p>*, Not in the final step of multivariate analysis.</p><p>Survival analyses of inflammatory biomarkers and clinicopatholigic factors.</p

Kaplan–Meier curves for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

<p>A: Kaplan–Meier curve of OS for NSCLC; B: Kaplan–Meier curve of DFS for NSCLC.</p

Surface-Confined Atomic Silver Centers Catalyzing Formaldehyde Oxidation

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a prior pollutant in both indoor and outdoor air, and catalytic oxidation proves the most promising technology for HCHO abatement. For this purpose, supported metal catalysts with single silver atoms confined at 4-fold O₄-terminated surface hollow sites of a hollandite manganese oxide (HMO) as catalytic centers were synthesized and investigated in the complete oxidation of HCHO. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns, X-ray absorption spectra, and electron diffraction tomography revealed that geometric structures and electronic states of the catalytic centers were tuned by the changes of HMO structures via controllable metal–support interactions. The catalytic tests demonstrated that the catalytically active centers with high electronic density of states and strong redox ability are favorable for enhancement of the catalytic efficiency in the HCHO oxidation. This work provides a strategy for designing efficient oxidation catalysts for controlling air pollution

Tumor-Associated Neutrophils as a New Prognostic Factor in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>Tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) have been reported in a variety of malignancies. We conducted an up-to-date meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of TAN in cancer.</p><p>Method</p><p>Pubmed, Embase and web of science databases were searched for studies published up to April 2013. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The impact of neutrophils localization and primary antibody were also assessed.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 3946 patients with various solid tumors from 20 studies were included. High density of intratumoral neutrophils were independently associated with unfavorable survival; the pooled HRs were 1.68 (95%CI: 1.36–2.07, I² = 55.8%, <i>p</i><0.001) for recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), 3.36 (95%CI: 2.08–5.42, I² = 0%, <i>p</i><0.001) for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and 1.66 (95%CI: 1.37–2.01, I² = 70.5%, <i>p</i><0.001) for overall survival (OS). Peritumoral and stromal neutrophils were not statistically significantly associated with survival. When grouped by primary antibody, the pooled HRs were 1.80 (95%CI: 1.47–2.22, I² = 67.7%, <i>p</i><0.001) for CD66b, and 1.44 (95%CI: 0.90–2.30, I² = 45.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.125) for CD15, suggesting that CD66b positive TAN might have a better prognostic value than CD15.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>High levels of intratumoral neutrophils are associated with unfavorable recurrence-free, cancer-specific and overall survival.</p></div

Characteristics of included studies.

<p>Abbreviations: Gastric: gastric carcinoma; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; HNC: head and neck carcinoma; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; CRC: colorectal carcinomas; CC: cervical cancer; PDC: pancreatic ductal carcinoma; HE: hematoxylin-eosin staining; OS: overall survival; CSS: cancer-specific survival; RFS: recurrence-free survival; DFS: disease-free survival; NM: not mentioned; a: OS; b: CSS; c: RFS; d: DFS; m: months; y: years; DE: data extrapolated; SR: systematic review <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0098259#pone.0098259-Donskov3" target="_blank">[36]</a>.</p

Sensitivity analysis of subgroups.

<p>(A) Sensitivity analysis of studies evaluated intratumoral neutrophils expression on OS. (B) Sensitivity analysis of studies evaluated intratumoral neutrophils expression on RFS/DFS.</p

Forrest plots evaluating maximally adjusted association between intratumoral neutrophils and clinical outcomes in subgroups.

<p>HRs of HCC patients are reported as (A). HRs of HNC patients are reported as (B). HRs of NSCLC patients are reported as (C). HRs of RCC patients are reported as (D). HRs of Gastric carcinoma patients are reported as (E).</p

Basic characteristics of enrolled patients.

<p>Abbreviations: TNM, tumour node metastasis; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer.</p><p>Basic characteristics of enrolled patients.</p

Forrest plots evaluating maximally adjusted association between TAN and clinical outcomes in all cancers.

<p>(A) Forrest plot to assess the overall effect of TAN on OS in all cancer patients. (B) Forrest plot to assess the overall effect of TAN on RFS/DFS in all cancer patients.</p