Socio-economic status and physical health outcomes : the need for change in theoretical formulations : thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University

The Black Report (Department of Health and Social Security, 1980) , which was a seminal publication in the field of health inequality, proposed several possible theoretical explanations for the phenomenon of socio-economic health inequality. To date the models proposed in the Black Report have yet to be improved on, or developed greatly. While research in the field of socio-economic health inequality has been substantial, the state of theoretical formulation which attempts to explain such inequality has remained static. The phenomenon of socio- economic health inequality will be established by producing evidence for how socio-economic status impacts on health from many countries, but especially from the United Kingdom, North America, Australasia, and Europe. Potential pathways for socio-economic status to impact on health outcomes will be assessed, and an illustration of potential pathways will be provided with an application. The theoretical approaches of the Black Report, along with a more recent conceptualisation, will be discussed. The potential contribution of psychological factors to socio-economic health inequality will be considered following the establishment of the relationship, proposal of potential pathways, and theoretical formulation discussions to demonstrate how such factors are involved in socio-economic health inequality. From these first four sections it can be deduced that current theoretical formulations to explain socio-economic health inequality are deficient. To contend with this deficiency it is proposed that a more holistic approach, which includes psychological factors, is necessary. Future research should seek to empirically validate links within the confines of a more holistic framework if our understanding of the relation between socio-economic status and physical health outcomes is to improve

Measuring the Lifetime of Trapped Sleptons Using the General Purpose LHC Detectors

In supergravity where the gravitino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) decays to the gravitino with a naturally long lifetime (10^4 - 10^8). However, cosmological constraints favour charged sleptons with lifetimes below a year as the natural NLSP candidate. For this scenario we report a method to accurately determine the slepton lifetime and SUSY cross-section from observation of the decays of sleptons trapped in the material comprising the main detector (ATLAS, CMS). A measurement of the lifetime to 5% is possible after 3 years at nominal luminosity and running conditions. This method is sensitive to the cosmologically preferred stau lifetime of ~37 days and does not require the use of ancillary trapping volumes

MoEDAL-MAPP, an LHC Dedicated Detector Search Facility

During LHC's Run-2 the MoEDAL experiment, the LHC's first dedicated search experiment, took over 6 fb^-1 of data at IP8, with p-p and Pb-Pb collisions, operating with 100% efficiency. The LHCC has endorsed the LoI of the MoEDAL Collaboration describing an exciting program to expand the search for Highly Ionizing Particles (HIPs) in p-p and heavy-ion collisions to include feebly ionizing and Long Lived Particle (LLP) messengers of new physics (NP) at LHC's RUN-3 and eventually HL-LHC. In 2021, as part of Phase-1 of the program, the baseline MoEDAL detector was approved by CERN for reinstallation for Run-3 with increased efficiency, lower threshold, a factor of 5 increase in instantaneous luminosity, and, a higher Ecm. MoEDAL will continue the search for HIP avatars of NP with an emphasis on the search for massive, single and multiply electrically charged avatars of BSM physics arising from, eg, supersymmetry, neutrino mass models, L-R symmetry, etc. As part of Phase-1 of the MoEDAL-MAPP project CERN also approved in 2021 the installation of the MoEDAL Apparatus for Penetrating Particles (MAPP) in the UA83 tunnel 100m away from IP8. The MAPP detector has sensitivity to feebly-interacting particles with charge, or effective charge, as low as 10^-3e. Additionally, the MAPP detector, in conjunction with MoEDAL's trapping detector, gives us a unique sensitivity to charged LLPs. MAPP also has some sensitivity to neutral LLPs. In Phase-2 of the project we will instal the MAPP-2 upgrade for the HL-LHC. We envisage that this detector will be deployed in the UGC1 gallery near to IP8. This phase of the experiment is designed to ensure that MoEDAL-MAPP's sensitivity to neutral LLP messengers of BSM physics is competitive and complementary to other planned projects in this arena. Initial MoEDAL plans for the MEDICI facility at the 100 TeV FCC-hh machine will also be briefly presented.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 202

Magnetic Monopoles in Field Theory and Cosmology

The existence of magnetic monopoles is predicted by many theories of particle physics beyond the Standard Model. However, in spite of extensive searches, there is no experimental or observational sign of them. I review the role of magnetic monopoles in quantum field theory and discuss their implications for particle physics and cosmology. I also highlight their differences and similarities with monopoles found in frustrated magnetic systems, and discuss how experiments carried out in these systems could help us understand the physics of fundamental monopoles.Comment: 15 pages, no figures. Based on a talk given at the discussion meeting "Emergent magnetic monopoles in frustrated magnetic systems" at the Kavli Royal Society International Centre, 17-18 October 2011. To be published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

Communicative mapping as a means for promoting legal land tenure: The case study of the Goedverwacht Moravian Mission Village, in the Western Cape, South Africa

The newly enacted Western Cape Land Use Planning Act (Act No. 3 of 2014) repeals the Rural Areas Act (Act No. 9 of 1987) and requires that all land within a municipality be incorporated into an existing municipal zoning scheme. The prospect of this has created uncertainty among the residents of the Goedverwacht Moravian Mission Village (Goedverwacht) in the Western Cape regarding the future of its communal church lifestyle. In anticipation of change, students from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) have embarked on a community mapping service-learning project at Goedverwacht to explore the usefulness of communicative mapping as a means for promoting legal land tenure. This article argues that communicative mapping is a valuable way of creating spatial awareness in a communal settlement. The findings show that creating an interim cadastral map using general boundaries at an accuracy fit for purpose is a feasible way of creating spatial awareness and provides a means for promoting legal land tenure

Fit for Purpose Community Mapping in South Africa

Communal areas in South Africa invariably lack cadastre and other information needed for sustainable planning. Usually land ownership is unclear and only limited state capacity exists in providing basic services infrastructure. This paper describes community mapping as a participatory means to encourage development. The impact of community-based mapping is assessed and if participatory methodology can fulfil its well-known objectives. Reflections on two community-based mapping projects facilitated with residents show that in these circumstances, community-based mapping is effective in bringing about change. Flamingo Crescent is an urban informal settlement located in Lansdowne, Cape Town. Informal settlements such as these are high density and organic, making service delivery difficult due to the lack of space. Re-blocking is an in-situ method of upgrading an informal settlement so that basic service and access can be provided. The Goedverwacht Moravian Mission Station in the Western Cape has no internal cadastral boundaries and therefore the spatial framework is fuzzy and confusing. The objective of the study is to use a mapping technique that is economically viable, fast and at an accuracy determined by purpose rather than technical and legal requirements for formal land registration. Findings spotlight some of the advantages of community-based mapping during these projects by assessing their impact using critical outcomes of participation, empowerment and ownership