Porcine Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 (PPIV-1) in U.S. Swine: Summary of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Data

Porcine Parainfluenza-1 (PPIV-1) is a Paramyxovirus inthe genus Respirovirus. To evaluatethe frequency of detection of PPIV-1 on farms in the United States, theIowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) conducted an analysis of clinical samples submitted from Spring toFall 2016.Thirty-four percent of diagnostic samples tested both prospectively (70/204) and retrospectively (472/1385) were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which suggests PPIV-1 is widespread

Does Circulating Antibody Play a Role in the Protection of Piglets against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus?

The contribution of circulating antibody to the protection of naïve piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was evaluated using a passive antibody transfer model. Piglets (n = 62) derived from 6 sows were assigned to one of 6 different treatments using a randomized block design which provided for allocation of all treatments to all sows\u27 litters. Each treatment was designed to achieve a different level of circulating anti-PEDV antibody via intraperitoneally administration of concentrated serum antibody. Piglets were orally inoculated with PEDV (USA/IN/2013/19338E, 1 x 103 TCID50 per piglet) 24 hours later and then monitored for 14 days. Piglets remained with their dam throughout the experiment. Sow milk samples, piglet fecal samples, and data on piglet clinical signs, body weight, and body temperature were collected daily. Fecal samples were tested by PEDV real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Serum, colostrum, and milk were tested for PEDV IgG, IgA, and virus-neutralizing antibody. The data were evaluated for the effects of systemic PEDV antibody levels on growth, body temperature, fecal shedding, survival, and antibody response. The analysis showed that circulating antibody partially ameliorated the effect of PEDV infection. Specifically, antibody-positive groups returned to normal body temperature faster and demonstrated a higher rate of survivability than piglets without PEDV antibody. When combined with previous literature on PEDV, it can be concluded that both systemic antibodies and maternal secretory IgA in milk contribute to the protection of the neonatal pig against PEDV infections. Overall, the results of this experiment suggested that passively administered circulating antibodies contributed to the protection of neonatal piglets against PEDV infection

Swine Disease Reporting: Report #14

SHIC-funded, veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) collaborative project, with goal to aggregate swine diagnostic data from participating reporting VDLs, and report in an intuitive format (web dashboards), describing dynamics of disease detection by pathogen or disease syndrome over time, specimen, age group, and geographical space. For this report, data is from the Iowa State University VDL and South Dakota State University ADRDL. University of Minnesota VDL and Kansas State University VDL. Specifically, for PRRSV RFLP data, and syndromic information the results are from Iowa State University VDL. For all “2019 predictive graphs”, the expected value was calculated using a statistical model that considers the results from 3 previous years. The intent of the model is not to compare the recent data (2019) to individual weeks of previous years. The intent is to estimate expected levels of percent positive cases based on patterns observed in the past data, and define if observed percentage positive values are above or below the expected based on historic trends

Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin TDH-A contributes to in vitro cytotoxicity, but not in vivo mortality

Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin TDH-A plays a previously unexplored role in cytotoxicity of HeLa cells, but does not affect mouse mortality using a pulmonary challenge model

Porcine Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 (PPIV-1) in U.S. Swine: Summary of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Data

Porcine Parainfluenza-1 (PPIV-1) is a Paramyxovirus inthe genus Respirovirus. To evaluatethe frequency of detection of PPIV-1 on farms in the United States, theIowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) conducted an analysis of clinical samples submitted from Spring toFall 2016.Thirty-four percent of diagnostic samples tested both prospectively (70/204) and retrospectively (472/1385) were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which suggests PPIV-1 is widespread.</p