El cambio climático como escenario en la gestión de los recursos forestales: cambio en el uso del suelo, almacenes de carbono y acciones de mitigación en una comunidad del parque nacional Cofre de Perote, Veracruz, México

A lo largo de 5 años en el INBIOTECA-UV se han venido desarrollando estudios en el Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote (PNCP), que representa una montaña importante para el centro del Estado de Veracruz (México) por su importancia en el abastecimiento de agua, y que históricamente ha sido aprovechada para actividades agrícolas, pecuarias, forestales, urbanas e industriales. Sin embargo, también guarda importancia por los recursos naturales que alberga, entre ellos el bosque de Abies religiosa. En el presente documento de tesis se presentan como Capítulo 1 los objetivos, justificación y antecedentes, estos como el marco teórico de los estudios realizados, que abordan temas sobre el cambio climático y sobre cómo México está contribuyendo a éste a través de sus emisiones, pero también sobre cuáles son las políticas públicas que ha implementado y la estructura de gobierno que tiene para aplicarlas. Se aborda el tema de los bosques nacionales en torno a la problemática de la deforestación; el esquema nacional de las 60 montañas prioritarias (Programa Sustentable de Ecosistemas de Montaña de la CONAFOR ), en donde se describe el medio físico y social de las principales montañas del país; y el cambio en el uso del suelo y el concepto REDD+. También se analiza el tema de la conservación de la biodiversidad en México a partir del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (SINAP) y se enfatiza la información sobre los Parques Nacionales, así como el papel que las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) guardan frente al cambio climático. Un tema importante descrito, es el contexto social en las acciones de conservación de los bosques, considerando que México va a la vanguardia en torno al manejo comunitario de los bosques, y la propuesta REDD+ desde la óptica de la tenencia de la tierra de los bosques y su gente

Dinámica de uso y cobertura del suelo en un parque nacional mexicano

To understand the dynamics of land cover at the Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, the rates of change in land use were compared at two different scales during the period 1995-2004. At the meso scale, these patterns were studied throughout the entire Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, which is one of the 60 priority mountains of Mexico, and an important natural protected area of the country located in the state of Veracruz. At a micro scale, the work was focused in ejido El Conejo, located within the boundaries of this national park. Federal government digital orthophotos were used to determine changes in nine categories of land use. In both, the meso- and micro-scale, it was found that the predominant land cover categories are agriculture and forest. The probabilities of land cover change at both scales are low and essentially the same for most land use categories, reflecting both small gains in forest cover park-wide as well as the effectiveness of the ejido in managing natural resources within the park. The authors consider that the findings of the study may be applicable to the broader situation of national parks in Mexico and, finally, the importance of integrating local stakeholders in the management of natural protected areas is discussedPara entender la dinámica de la cobertura del suelo en el Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, se hizo una comparación de las tasas de cambio de uso a dos escalas durante el periodo 1995-2004. A escala meso, se estudiaron estos patrones en toda la superficie del Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, que es una de las 60 montañas prioritarias de México y también una importante área natural protegida del país ubicada en el estado de Veracruz. A escala micro el estudio se enfocó en el ejido El Conejo que se encuentra dentro de los límites de este parque nacional. Se utilizaron ortofotos digitales del gobierno federal para determinar el cambio en nueve categorías de uso del suelo. En ambas, meso y microescalas, se encontró que las categorías predominantes de cobertura son la agricultura y el bosque. Las probabilidades de cambio de cobertura del suelo en ambas escalas son bajas y tienen valores esencialmente iguales para la mayoría de las categorías de uso, reflejando tanto pequeñas ganancias en cobertura forestal en todo el parque como la efectividad del ejido en el manejo de recursos naturales dentro del parque. Se considera que los hallazgos de este estudio pueden ser aplicables a la situación prevaleciente en los restantes parques nacionales de México; al final se discute la importancia de integrar a los actores locales en el manejo de áreas naturales protegidasS

Estrategia sistémica para conformar colectivos colaborativos inter-transdisciplinarios: conocimiento al servicio de la sociedad

This text proposes a methodology for re-learning and incubating Inter-Transdisciplinary Collaborative Collectives in higher education institutions that allows addressing the urgent needs in the face of the complex socio-environmental problems of the 21st century. Through the transdisciplinary participatory action-research methodology, the research results of more than six years of collective academic work are reported. As institutions that generate knowledge, the universities are increasingly obliged to influence the restoration of our chaotic humanity and nature in general. Everyday realities present situations (problems and paradoxes) that are more difficult to address with reductionist, linear approaches and individual and disciplinary practices. It becomes relevant and urgent to build actions based on new paradigms, with logics of thought and action capable of generating empathy scenarios based on inter-transdisciplinary approaches. In this sense, what is presented here is an experience of knowledge generation within the university educational field. It arises from the collaborative work that has been generated by the academic group that writes this article from different areas of knowledge of the University of Veracruz, from the construction of synergies from inter and transdisciplinary dialogue. This proposal aims to be an instrument that, step-by-step, guides the formation of groups of academics and/or students and can move towards collaborative inter-transdisciplinary research. In this way, situations can be approached with a more comprehensive approach, and responses can be given considering the interwoven, complex, transversal, and sustainably human wholes. Keywords: Human Sustainability; Complexity; University Transformation; Planetary Crisis; Alternatives.El presente texto plantea una metodología de re-aprendizaje e incubación de Colectivos Colaborativos Inter-Transdisciplinarios en las instituciones de educación superior, que permita atender las urgentes necesidades frente a las complejas problemáticas socioambientales del siglo XXI. Mediante la metodología de investigación-acción participativa transdisciplinaria, se reportan los resultados de investigación de más de seis años de trabajo colectivo académico. Las universidades, como instituciones generadoras de conocimiento, se encuentran cada día más obligadas a incidir en la restauración de nuestra caótica humanidad y de la naturaleza en lo general. Cada día las realidades presentan situaciones (problemáticas y paradojas) más difíciles de abordar con enfoques reduccionistas, lineales y con prácticas individuales y unidisciplinarias. Se torna relevante y urgente, constituir acciones basadas en nuevos paradigmas, con lógicas de pensamiento y acción que sean capaces de generar escenarios de empatía, basados en enfoques inter-transdisciplinarios. En este sentido, lo que aquí presentado es una experiencia de generación del conocimiento dentro del ámbito educativo universitario. Surge del trabajo colaborativo que ha venido generando el colectivo académico que escribe este artículo de diferentes áreas del conocimiento de la Universidad Veracruzana, a partir de la construcción de sinergias desde el diálogo inter y transdisciplinario. La presente propuesta pretende ser un instrumento que paso a paso guíe la conformación de grupos de académicos y/o estudiantes y puedan transitar hacia la investigación colaborativa inter-transdisciplinaria. De esta manera se podrán abordar situaciones con un enfoque más integral, y dar respuestas considerando las totalidades entramadas, complejas, transversales y sustentablemente humanas. Palabras clave: Sustentabilidad Humana; Complejidad; Transformación Universitaria; Crisis Planetaria; Alternativas

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

LA U INVESTIGA: Revista Científica. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud. Volumen 3. Número 1

Los ámbitos de investigación expuestos en este número corresponden a salud, educación, comunicación; temática relacionados íntimamente con la problemática social, que trata de visibilizarla a través de la difusión científica. Desde una visión de caso clínico, como son aquellos artículos investigados en los centros asistenciales del país; o de análisis colectivo evidente en los artículos elaborados por académicos de la Universidad Técnica del Norte.• Adenoma pleomorfo metastásico a mama y pulmón. • Evaluación clínica y atención temprana de la potencialidad cerebromotriz innata en los recién nacidos vivos con factores de riesgo neonatal del hospital general San Vicente de Paúl. • Embarazo ectopico cervical a proposito de un caso • Ganglio centinela en cáncer de mama uso de azul patente en unidades de segundo nivel. • Morbimortalidad en recién nacidos pretérminos menores de 36 semanas, hospital IESS Ibarra año 2014. • Ruptura esplénica asociada con preeclampsia severa presentacion de un caso. • Enfermedad de Addison de etiología tuberculosa: presentación de caso clínico. • Estado de la independencia funcional en personas con discapacidad del cantón Otavalo. • Síntesis analítica sobre las bondades medicinales de la jícama (smallanthus sonchifolius) 2015. • Prevención de infecciones puerperales con Churiyuyo (kalanchoe pinnata), una experiencia de las parteras tradicionales en Napo Ecuador. • Valoración de las habilidades comunicativas en la relación fisioterapeuta paciente. • Objeto de aprendizaje móvil en el aula, para estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y salud comunitaria, Universidad Técnica del Norte. • Infecciones de vías urinarias asociadas a catéter vesical en mujeres embarazadas. Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, 2015. • Proceso enfermero en la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas en usuario colecistectomizado. • Satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de enfermerí

Evaluation of factors leading to poor outcomes for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Mexico: a multi-institutional report of 2,116 patients

Background and aimsPediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survival rates in low- and middle-income countries are lower due to deficiencies in multilevel factors, including access to timely diagnosis, risk-stratified therapy, and comprehensive supportive care. This retrospective study aimed to analyze outcomes for pediatric ALL at 16 centers in Mexico.MethodsPatients <18 years of age with newly diagnosed B- and T-cell ALL treated between January 2011 and December 2019 were included. Clinical and biological characteristics and their association with outcomes were examined.ResultsOverall, 2,116 patients with a median age of 6.3 years were included. B-cell immunophenotype was identified in 1,889 (89.3%) patients. The median white blood cells at diagnosis were 11.2.5 × 103/mm3. CNS-1 status was reported in 1,810 (85.5%), CNS-2 in 67 (3.2%), and CNS-3 in 61 (2.9%). A total of 1,488 patients (70.4%) were classified as high-risk at diagnosis. However, in 52.5% (991/1,889) of patients with B-cell ALL, the reported risk group did not match the calculated risk group allocation based on National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and PCR tests were performed for 407 (19.2%) and 736 (34.8%) patients, respectively. Minimal residual disease (MRD) during induction was performed in 1,158 patients (54.7%). The median follow-up was 3.7 years. During induction, 191 patients died (9.1%), and 45 patients (2.1%) experienced induction failure. A total of 365 deaths (17.3%) occurred, including 174 deaths after remission. Six percent (176) of patients abandoned treatment. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 58.9% ± 1.7% for B-cell ALL and 47.4% ± 5.9% for T-cell ALL, while the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 67.5% ± 1.6% for B-cell ALL and 54.3% ± 0.6% for T-cell ALL. The 5-year cumulative incidence of central nervous system (CNS) relapse was 5.5% ± 0.6%. For the whole cohort, significantly higher outcomes were seen for patients aged 1–10 years, with DNA index >0.9, with hyperdiploid ALL, and without substantial treatment modifications. In multivariable analyses, age and Day 15 MRD continued to have a significant effect on EFS.ConclusionOutcomes in this multi-institutional cohort describe poor outcomes, influenced by incomplete and inconsistent risk stratification, early toxic death, high on-treatment mortality, and high CNS relapse rate. Adopting comprehensive risk-stratification strategies, evidence-informed de-intensification for favorable-risk patients and optimized supportive care could improve outcomes

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Los bosques de Veracruz en el contexto de una estrategia estatal REDD+

Nowadays, forests have a key role to mitigating the effects global warming has on our planet. Scientific knowledge on ecosystem processes and services to human wellbeing confirm this. As an important component on REDD+ national and regional strategies, which will guide the actions needed to reduce and mitigate the greenhouse gases emissions, forest management and forest conservation are the most effective and less costly measures. This kind of strategies will contribute directly to improve the life conditions of forest owners, and socioeconomic development conditions of forest regions. Even though Veracruz state has developed a Law and an Action Plan towards Climate Change, a REDD+ perspective is still a novelty. It constitutes an opportunity for academic collaboration with government institutions on the three levels, with forest owners, and with those involved in forestry activity along the state. In this context, we present a general analysis on Veracruz´ forests situation, pointing out the deforestation and degradation trends and active processes, to outline certain aspects as opportunity areas to develop collective efforts between academia and forest owners, to improve the management of our forest ecosystems for the benefit of society.Los bosques han sido reconocidos como pieza fundamental para mitigar uno de los impactos que más afectan la vida sobre el planeta: el calentamiento global. El conocimiento generado en las últimas décadas sobre los procesos ecosistémicos y los servicios que estos brindan para el bienestar humano así lo confirman. Dentro de las estrategias nacionales y regionales REDD+, enfocadas hacia la reducción y mitigación de los gases con efecto invernadero, las opciones más efectivas y económicas incluyen mejorar el manejo forestal y la conservación de bosques. Estas opciones, además, contribuyen a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los poseedores de bosques y al desarrollo sustentable de las regiones forestales, frecuentemente en zonas marginadas. Si bien Veracruz ha elaborado una Ley y un Plan Veracruzano de Acción Frente al Cambio Climático, la perspectiva REDD+ es novedosa y constituye una oportunidad para impulsar acciones de colaboración académica e interinstitucional con los tres niveles de gobierno, y de vinculación entre la investigación interdisciplinaria y los involucrados en la actividad forestal del estado. En este contexto, se presenta un diagnóstico general de la situación del sector forestal de Veracruz y de las ANP, para identificar las áreas de oportunidad que permitan conjuntar esfuerzos entre los académicos y dueños de bosques, y que deriven en acciones para mejorar el manejo de estos ecosistemas