Del Datiu a l'acusatiu. Un canvi sintàctic en procés en llengües romàniques i basc

En català, així com en altres llengües romàniques i també en èuscar, hi ha diversos verbs que poden dur un complement de persona en datiu o en acusatiu —en el cas basc, en datiu o en absolutiu. En són exemples els verbs catalans trucar, telefonar, contestar, robar, pagar, pegar o disparar, entre d'altres. Aquesta alternança de cas és de fet una transició de l'ús del datiu a l'ús de l'acusatiu. Es tracta, en el fons, d'un canvi sintàctic en procés, que presenta diferents estadis d'evolució segons la varietat dialectal o fins i tot idiolectal. Per analitzar aquesta alternança de cas, o aquest pas de datiu a acusatiu, prenem com a punt de partida la idea que un verb intransitiu inergatiu com trucar (format per un verb lleuger i un nominal, com ara fer TRUCRUCRUC ) seguit d'un complement de persona correspon de fet a una estructura ditransitiva, és a dir, una estructura amb un complement directe i un d'indirecte (fer TRUCRUCRUC a algú). Assumim també que, com en bona part de les construccions ditransitives de les llengües, hi intervé un nucli aplicatiu que relaciona l'objecte directe (truc) i l'indirecte (a algú). Seran les propietats d'aquest nucli funcional aplicatiu les que ens permetran explicar el pas de l'ús d'un complement datiu (Li telefono) a l'ús d'un complement acusatiu (El telefono), en els primers estadis del procés de canvi. Finalment, constatarem que en l'estadi final el procés desemboca en una autèntica transitivització de l'estructura.From dative to accusative. An ongoing syntactic change in Romance and Basque In Catalan, as well as in other Romance languages and Basque, there are several verbs which can take a dative- or accusative-marked complement of person, in Basque, a dative- or absolutive-marked one. This is the case of Catalan verbs trucar ‘phone’, telefonar ‘phone’, contestar ‘answer’, robar ‘rob’, pagar ‘pay’, pegar ‘hit’ and disparar ‘shoot’, among others. This case alternation is indeed a transition from dative to accusative. We are dealing with a process of syntactic change which reflects different stages of evolution depending on the dialectal or even idiolectal variety. In order to analyse this alternation, or this change from dative to accusative, we assume the idea that an unergative intransitive verb such as trucar (made up of a light verb and a nominal, as in fer truc ‘make a phone call’) followed by a complement denoting person actually corresponds to a ditransitive structure, this is to say, a structure with a direct and an indirect object (fer truc a algú ‘make a phone call to someone’). Likewise, we assume that, as in several ditransitive constructions, there is an applicative head relating the direct complement (truc) and the indirect complement (a algú). The properties of this functional applicative head will allow us to explain the change from the use of a dative complement (Li telefono) to the use of an accusative complement (El telefono) in the early stages in the process of change. Finally, we will see that in the final stage the process results in a true transitivization of the structure

NGOs and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Case Study of Haiti

This thesis examines the roles played by Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in addressing the broad issue of poverty and development by focusing on the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. A new and intricate interplay of the profit, public, and non-profit sectors has arisen as the importance of NGOs has grown throughout the Global South. NGOs, now at the heart of economic development in LAC, are actors in what has been called a global civil society and have demonstrated an immense breadth of specified knowledge and adaptability. The main objective of the paper is to explore whether, and to what extent, NGOs can strengthen the capacity of states to effectively and fairly govern, and promote sustainable development. What can NGOs do to improve states in Latin America and the Caribbean? NGOs are placed within the progressive spectrum of development, while uncovering the need for a balanced approach to the complex topic of development. Consequently, NGOs carrying out capacity building objectives can be seen to support the involvement of local actors and communities while serving as interlocutors between the state and civil society. Haiti is used as a case study because it provides a unique and extreme example of the role that NGOs can play in promoting the public sector

NGOs and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Case Study of Haiti

This thesis examines the roles played by Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in addressing the broad issue of poverty and development by focusing on the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. A new and intricate interplay of the profit, public, and non-profit sectors has arisen as the importance of NGOs has grown throughout the Global South. NGOs, now at the heart of economic development in LAC, are actors in what has been called a global civil society and have demonstrated an immense breadth of specified knowledge and adaptability. The main objective of the paper is to explore whether, and to what extent, NGOs can strengthen the capacity of states to effectively and fairly govern, and promote sustainable development. What can NGOs do to improve states in Latin America and the Caribbean? NGOs are placed within the progressive spectrum of development, while uncovering the need for a balanced approach to the complex topic of development. Consequently, NGOs carrying out capacity building objectives can be seen to support the involvement of local actors and communities while serving as interlocutors between the state and civil society. Haiti is used as a case study because it provides a unique and extreme example of the role that NGOs can play in promoting the public sector

Dative constructions in Romance and beyond

This book offers a comprehensive account of dative structures across languages -with an important, though not exclusive, focus on the Romance family. As is well-known, datives play a central role in a variety of structures, ranging from ditransitive constructions to cliticization of indirect objects and differentially marked direct objects, and including also psychological predicates, possessor or causative constructions, among many others. As interest in all these topics has increased significantly over the past three decades, this volume provides an overdue update on the state of the art. Accordingly, the chapters in this volume account for both widely discussed patterns of dative constructions as well as those that are relatively unknown

Evaluation of the continuous training in the Spanish School of the Judicial Power

La evaluación de la formación, conceptualizada como el análisis del valor total de un sistema formativo, en términos tanto sociales como financieros, es un proceso necesario para valorar si la inversión realizada en la misma resulta eficaz; además, en una organización pública como es la Escuela del Poder Judicial, cobra un valor de rendición de cuentas sobre el uso de los fondos públicos y sobre su impacto en el desarrollo de los jueces y magistrados españoles.Escuela del Poder Judicial, y avanzar propuestas de mejora para que la evaluación de la formación permita incrementar su eficacia. Para lograr este objetivo, partiendo de la literatura internacional en el ámbito de la evaluación de la formación continua, se han analizado los documentos existentes sobre evaluación de la formación judicial, y los resultados de una encuesta administrada por a una muestra de 240 jueces y magistrados participantes en formación.Los resultados indican que el sistema de evaluación de la formación a jueces y magistrados españoles es parcial, obviando dimensiones relevantes de la misma, en particular la transferencia, así como fuentes de información valiosas, que podrían aportar información para plantear estrategias de cara a mejorar la eficacia de la formación.Training evaluation, conceptualized as the analysis of the total value of a training system in terms of both social and financial, is a necessary process to assess whether the investment on training is effective; moreover, in a public organization such as the School of the Judicial Power, it takes a value of accountability of the use of public funds and their impact on the development of Spanish judges. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the training evaluation at the School of the Judicial Power is carried out, and to suggest proposals to improve it, in order to increase training effectiveness. To achieve this goal, starting from the international literature in the field of evaluation of training, we analyzed documents on the evaluation of judicial training, and the results of a survey administered to a sample of 240 judges and magistrates who participated in training. The results indicate that the way to evaluate the training for Spanish judges and magistrates is partial, and it do not consider relevant dimensions, including transfer, as well as valuable information sources that could provide information to propose strategies to enhance the effectiveness of training

When Restructuring and Clause Union Meet in Catalan and Beyond

Altres ajuts: In the case of Anna Pineda, this work has been supported by the research project FFI2014-56968-C4-1-P funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, as well as by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Humboldt Research Fellowship for experienced researchers).This paper considers what happens when clause union meets restructuring by examining contexts where the causative FACERE verb takes a restructuring verb as its complement in Catalan, in comparison with French and Italian. We show that in Catalan and Italian and to some degree also French, in such contexts, the case realisation of the causee as accusative/dative depends on the transitivity of the next clause down. We call this effect, first discussed by Burzio (1986) for Italian, 'restructuring for transitivity'. We then move our attention to the interaction between restructuring for transitivity and other restructuring and clause union phenomena such as clitic climbing and se deletion, and discuss several theoretical challenges posed by these interactions.Aquest article estudia què ocorre quan hi ha unió de clàusules i reestructuració i, per fer-ho, examina els contextos en què el verb causatiu fer pren un verb de reestructuració com a complement en català, francès i italià. Mostrem que en català i italià, i en certa mesura també en francès, en aquests contextos la realització de cas de l'argument causat (el subjecte de l'infinitiu) com a acusatiu o com a datiu depèn de la transitivitat de la clàusula subordinada. Aquest efecte, que fou detectat per primer cop per Burzio (1986) per a l'italià, l'anomenem reestructuració per a la transitivitat. A continuació ens centrem l'atenció en la interacció entre la reestructuració per a la transitivitat i altres fenòmens de reestructuració i unió de clàusules, com ara el salt de clític i la supressió de se, i discutim diversos reptes teòrics que plantegen els fenòmens objecte d'estudi

Evaluación de la formación continua en la Escuela del Poder Judicial

La evaluación de la formación, conceptualizada como el análisis del valor total de un sistema formativo, en términos tanto sociales como financieros, es un proceso necesario para valorar si la inversión realizada en la misma resulta eficaz; además, en una organización pública como es la Escuela del Poder Judicial, cobra un valor de rendición de cuentas sobre el uso de los fondos públicos y sobre su impacto en el desarrollo de los jueces y magistrados españoles. Escuela del Poder Judicial, y avanzar propuestas de mejora para que la evaluación de la formación permita incrementar su eficacia. Para lograr este objetivo, partiendo de la literatura internacional en el ámbito de la evaluación de la formación continua, se han analizado los documentos existentes sobre evaluación de la formación judicial, y los resultados de una encuesta administrada por a una muestra de 240 jueces y magistrados participantes en formación. Los resultados indican que el sistema de evaluación de la formación a jueces y magistrados españoles es parcial, obviando dimensiones relevantes de la misma, en particular la transferencia, así como fuentes de información valiosas, que podrían aportar información para plantear estrategias de cara a mejorar la eficacia de la formaciónTraining evaluation, conceptualized as the analysis of the total value of a training sys-tem in terms of both social and financial, is a necessary process to assess whether the investment on training is effective; moreover, in a public organization such as the School of the Judicial Power, it takes a value of accountability of the use of public funds and their impact on the development of Spanish judges. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the training evaluation at the School of the Judicial Power is carried out, and to suggest proposals to improve it, in order to in-crease training effectiveness. To achieve this goal, starting from the international liter-ature in the field of evaluation of training, we analyzed documents on the evaluation of judicial training, and the results of a survey administered to a sample of 240 judges and magistrates who participated in training. The results indicate that the way to evaluate the training for Spanish judges and magis-trates is partial, and it do not consider relevant dimensions, including transfer, as well as valuable information sources that could provide information to propose strategies to enhance the effectiveness of trainin