Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Size/IQ Relations in Turkish University Students

The relation of IQ (Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test) to brain size was studied in 103 right- and left-handed men and women at Ataturk University in eastern Turkey. Cerebral areas were measured on a midsagittal section of the brain using MRI. An overall correlation of 40 was found between MRI-measured total area and IQ thereby further supporting the IQ¯brain size hypothesis. Additional analyses suggested that these results may need qualification. In men, only anterior cerebral area correlated with IQ. In women, total and posterior cerebral areas were correlated with IQ. Other results varied by handedness

Abutment Selection for Anterior Implant-Supported Restorations

With the introduction of dental implants to the market, varying restorative options have been successfully added for restoring the function and esthetics of both completely and partially edentulous patients. Accurate prosthodontic rehabilitation is the key factor for providing the long-term success and the survival of osseointegrated implants. Implant-supported restorations can be fabricated with different techniques. The prefabricated abutments provided by the implant companies are accepted as the gold standard because of their biocompatibility and advanced mechanical properties. However, especially for the anterior restorations, they are increasingly being replaced by custom abutments ideally prepared with CAD/CAM techniques; due to disadvantages of prefabricated abutments such as esthetic flaws, mechanical insufficiency resulting from implant placement, unacceptable emergence profile, and unhygienic regions formed under angled abutments. Currently, custom abutments are reported to have functional and esthetic advantages over prefabricated abutments. In this chapter, indications for proper abutment selection, contemporary production techniques, and different abutment materials will be stated, and the current research on the subject will be discussed

Tourist distribution in Northern Mediterranean Basin countries: 2004–2020

Purpose: The feasibility of measuring the touristic ecosystem in European countries with a Mediterranean coast based on various parameters, including diversity, turnover, and the number of tourists, was investigated in this study. The data from the period between 2004 and 2020 were analyzed. Methodology: A distribution analysis of annual tourist gains was conducted, and the distribution of incoming tourists across the countries was examined based on their area, using Atkinson, Theil, and Hoover inequality indices. Secondary data from the World Bank were utilized by the authors for the 13 countries studied. It was suggested by the authors that the Mediterranean region could be analyzed based on factors such as the length of the coast, the number and type of hotel beds, and the volume of coastal tourism. This study can be expressed as a mixed methodology supported by bibliometric analysis. Findings: An overall improvement in the distribution of tourists was indicated by the results of the analysis, with the exception of a decline in 2016 and 2020, as confirmed by all three indices. The most significant decline in 2020 was shown by the Hoover Index. Originality: This study is a significant contribution to the existing literature, as it is the first to analyze the distribution of tourists considering the Mediterranean Basin coast length and the number of tourists of the illustrated countries, using the Atkinson, Theil, and Hoover inequality indices. The study was deemed original and supported by bibliometric analysis. The results of this study have important managerial implications

Intra-operative diagnosis of an adult ureterocele complicated by hydronephrosis: a case report

Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the terminal ureter. Hydronephrosis is less commonly reported in individuals with ureterocele. We report a unique case of an incidental ureterocele with hydronephrosis in a 47-year-old woman; diagnosed with intraoperative control cystoscopy while performing total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Change of Bolluk Lake Travertine Cones, From Past to Present

Araştırma sahası Cihanbeyli (Konya) İlçesi’nin yaklaşık 8 km güneydoğusunda yer almaktadır. Buradaki traverten konilerinden, ilk olarak 1937 yılında yabancı bilim insanları bahsetmiştir. Daha sonraki yıllarda çok sayıda bilim insanı burada incelemeler yapsa da Oğuz Erol’un 1968 yılındaki çalışması en kapsamlı olanıdır. Erol söz konusu çalışmasında, 63 adet traverten konisi tespit ederek, bunların oluşum mekanizmasını ve başta morfometrik özellikleri olmak üzere diğer birtakım özelliklerini belirtmiş ve haritalandırmasını yapmıştır. Bu çalışmadan günümüze kadar geçen 50 yıllık süre zarfında nelerin değişmiş olduğunu görmek amaçlı ve günümüzün teknolojik imkânlarını da kullanarak saha yeniden ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Erol’un bahsettiği 63 traverten konisinden 5 tanesinin tamamen yok olduğu, 7 tanesinin yüksek derecede ve 11 tanesinin de orta derecede tahribata uğradığı, tahribatların doğal şartlardan ziyade beşeri faaliyetlerden kaynaklandığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bazı konilerin içerisindeki sular kurumuştur. Araştırma sahasında konilerle doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak ilişkisi olan 20 civarında dolin; çökme, örtü çökme ve sübsidans dolinleri olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik açıdan ilginç özelliklere sahip Bolluk Gölü çevresi traverten konileri ciddi bir tahribat altındadır. Bu kapsamda bölgenin korunması konusunda daha duyarlı olunması gerekmektedir.Research area is located 8 km southeast of Cihanbeyli district. The travertine cones located in the area are firstly examined by foreign scientists in1937. Although many scientists examined them after that, they were extensively examined by Oğuz Erol in 1968. Erol identified 63 travertine cones, defined their formation, some of their features including morphometric features and mapped them. This study aims to find out what has changed in fifty years’ time and re-examine the area by using today’s technological facilities. It is found that 5 of the 63 cones are disappeared completely, 7 of them are damaged heavily 11 of them are damaged mildly. It is observed that this destruction is caused by human factors rather than natural factors. Moreover, some of the cones don’t have any water today. Furthermore, 20 dolines relating to cones directly or indirectly are classified as subsidence dolines, collapse dolines and caprock dolines. The Bolluk lake travertine cones which have interesting features in terms of geological and geomorphological factors are being destroyed. In this context, it is necessary to be more sensitive about the protection of the zone

Change of Bolluk Lake Travertine Cones, From Past to Present

Araştırma sahası Cihanbeyli (Konya) İlçesi’nin yaklaşık 8 km güneydoğusunda yer almaktadır. Buradaki traverten konilerinden, ilk olarak 1937 yılında yabancı bilim insanları bahsetmiştir. Daha sonraki yıllarda çok sayıda bilim insanı burada incelemeler yapsa da Oğuz Erol’un 1968 yılındaki çalışması en kapsamlı olanıdır. Erol söz konusu çalışmasında, 63 adet traverten konisi tespit ederek, bunların oluşum mekanizmasını ve başta morfometrik özellikleri olmak üzere diğer birtakım özelliklerini belirtmiş ve haritalandırmasını yapmıştır. Bu çalışmadan günümüze kadar geçen 50 yıllık süre zarfında nelerin değişmiş olduğunu görmek amaçlı ve günümüzün teknolojik imkânlarını da kullanarak saha yeniden ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Erol’un bahsettiği 63 traverten konisinden 5 tanesinin tamamen yok olduğu, 7 tanesinin yüksek derecede ve 11 tanesinin de orta derecede tahribata uğradığı, tahribatların doğal şartlardan ziyade beşeri faaliyetlerden kaynaklandığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bazı konilerin içerisindeki sular kurumuştur. Araştırma sahasında konilerle doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak ilişkisi olan 20 civarında dolin; çökme, örtü çökme ve sübsidans dolinleri olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik açıdan ilginç özelliklere sahip Bolluk Gölü çevresi traverten konileri ciddi bir tahribat altındadır. Bu kapsamda bölgenin korunması konusunda daha duyarlı olunması gerekmektedir.Research area is located 8 km southeast of Cihanbeyli district. The travertine cones located in the area are firstly examined by foreign scientists in1937. Although many scientists examined them after that, they were extensively examined by Oğuz Erol in 1968. Erol identified 63 travertine cones, defined their formation, some of their features including morphometric features and mapped them. This study aims to find out what has changed in fifty years’ time and re-examine the area by using today’s technological facilities. It is found that 5 of the 63 cones are disappeared completely, 7 of them are damaged heavily 11 of them are damaged mildly. It is observed that this destruction is caused by human factors rather than natural factors. Moreover, some of the cones don’t have any water today. Furthermore, 20 dolines relating to cones directly or indirectly are classified as subsidence dolines, collapse dolines and caprock dolines. The Bolluk lake travertine cones which have interesting features in terms of geological and geomorphological factors are being destroyed. In this context, it is necessary to be more sensitive about the protection of the zone

The Effect of Complementary Assesment and EvaluationDevelopment Curriculum on the Knowledge Level of GeographyPre-service Teachers

Milli Eğitim Bakanlığınca hazırlanan Coğrafya Dersi Öğretim Programı 2005-2006 eğitim öğretim yılından itibaren uygulamaya konulmuştur. Coğrafya Dersi Öğretim Programı, yapılandırmacı kuramına göre hazırlanmıştır. Yapılandırmacı kuram, öğrenme etkinliklerinin düzenlenmesinden değerlendirme süreçlerinin yapılandırılmasına kadar birçok konuda özgün ve uygulamaya dayalı kavramsal çerçevenin oluşmasına yol açmıştır. Programa göre, öğrencilerin kendi öğrenmeleri üzerinde söz sahibi olması vurgulanırken, bu süreç sonunda ortaya çıkması istenen kazanımlara yönelik dönütlerin, çok yönlü tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarıyla yapılması önerilmiştir (MEB, 2005). Uygulayıcı konumda olan öğretmenlerin, öğrencilerini ve kendi öğretim faaliyetlerini değerlendirmede amaca uygun ve öğretim programların da tavsiye edilen ölçme ve değerlendirme tekniklerini kullanmaları sağlıklı bir ölçme ve değerlendirme süreci için gereklidir. Programın ön gördüğü ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarının etkin biçimde uygulanabilmesi ve öğretim sürecinde bu yaklaşımların sunduğu potansiyelden en üst düzeyde yararlanılabilmesi bu anlamda öğretmenlerin bilgi düzeyine bağlıdır (Birgin ve Gürbüz, 2008). Bu araştırmanın amacı, tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme araçlarına ilişkin geliştirilen programının coğrafya öğretmen adaylarının bilgi düzeyi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2013-2014 öğretim yılı Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ortaöğretim Sosyal Alanlar Coğrafya Öğretmenliği Programı dördüncü sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim görmekte olan 36 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada karma model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutu, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen ile nitel boyutu yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu yürütülmüştür. Deneysel desen gereği bir adet deney grubu (18), bir adet kontrol grubu (18) oluşturulmuştur. Katılımcılar deney ve kontrol gruplarına rastgele atanmıştır. Tamamlayıcı Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Başarı Testi ön test puanlarına göre gruplar arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p.05). Daha sonra deney grubuna sekiz oturumluk Tamamlayıcı Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Gelişim Programı (TÖDGP) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada yürütülen odak grup görüşmeleri için ise deney grubu içinden 5 öğretmen adayıyla görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS 14.00 programıyla, nitel veriler ise betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının tamamlayıcı ölçme-değerlendirme bilgi düzeyi üzerinde TÖDGP' nın olumlu yönde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir (t6.24, p0.001). Araştırmanın nitel verilerini bu bulguları desteklemektedir. Sonuç olarak, tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarının benimsemesinin zaman ve büyük kuramsal değişimler gerektirebileceği ancak bu durumun, lisans eğitiminde akademisyenlerin tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarına ilişkin olumlu tutumlarıyla, lisans eğitimi süresince uygulama ağırlıklı ölçme ve değerlendirme ders işleyişleriyle ve alanda yapılacak nitelikli hizmet içi eğitimlerle çözümlenebileceği düşünülmektedirGeography Lesson Curriculum prepared by Ministry of National Education has been applied by 2005-2006 academic year. Geography Lesson Curriculum was prepared according to the constructivist theory. The constructivist theory has led to conceptual framework formation in many subjects from organization of learning activities to configuration of evaluation process. According to the curriculum, as it is emphasized that students should have the right to comment on their own learning's, it is recommended that feedbacks should be made by multi-directional and complementary assessment and evaluation instruments (MEB, 2005). For a healthy assessment and evaluation process, it is essential that teachers who have practitioner positions should use assessment and evaluation techniques which are recommended by curriculums in evaluation of their students and their own teaching activities. To be able to apply the assessment and evaluation approaches that are envisaged by the curriculum effectively and to benefit from potency that is offered by these approaches during the teaching process depend on the knowledge level of teachers. (Birgin and G&uuml;rb&uuml;z, 2008). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of developed curriculum which is relating to complementary assessment and evaluation instruments on the knowledge level of pre-service teachers of geography lessons. The sample consists of 36 pre-service teachers studying at Erbakan University in 2013-2014 academic year. The participants of the study are fourth grade students studying at department of Secondary Education Geography Teaching. Mixed model was used in this study. Experimental design with pretest-posttest control group was used in quantitive dimension of this study and semi-structured interview design was used in qualitative dimension of this study. As experimental design, one experimental group(18) and one control group (18) were formed. Participants of experimental groups and control groups were chosen with the method of random sampling. According to Complementary Measurement and Evaluation Achievement Test (CMEAT), pre-test points didn't notice significant difference between groups (p0.001). In the study, five pre-service teachers were interviewed as an experimental group conversation. These results support qualitative data of the study. Finally, it is seen that adoption of complementary assessment and evaluation approaches may require time and big theoretical changes but it is thought that this situation can be solved by positive attitude of academicians to complementary assessment and evaluation approaches at undergraduate education, teaching lessons through assessment and evaluation during undergraduate education and sufficient inservice training activitie