Alongshore coherence at low frequencies in currents observed over the continental shelf off Oregon and Washington

Current observations over the continental shelf at locations off central Oregon and southern Washington had the period from July 18 to September 18, 1972, in common. Low-frequency fluctuations (less than one cycle per day) in the currents are compared by means of visual display, linear regression, and spectral analysis. The currents are found to be highly coherent over an alongshore separation of 200 km. Coherent signals occur at 0.16, 0.3, and 0.44 cpd. The signal at 0.16 cpd occurs with high mutual coherence in wind, current, and sea level and may be a forced shelf wave driven by the wind. The signal at 0.3 cpd has high coherence between current and sea level and may be a free shelf wave generated by the wind. Correlation between observations is higher for separations in the alongshore direction than in the offshore direction in spite of greater separations

Expression of the innate immune receptor LILRB5 on monocytes is associated with mycobacteria exposure.

Antigen presenting cells (APC) are critical components of innate immunity and consequently shape the adaptive response. Leukocyte Ig Like Receptors (LILR) are innate immune receptors predominantly expressed on myeloid cells. LILR can influence the antigen presenting phenotype of monocytic cells to determine the nature of T cell responses in infections including Mycobaterium leprae. We therefore investigated the relevance of LILR in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Real-time PCR studies indicated that the transcriptional profile of the orphan receptor LILRB5 was significantly up-regulated following exposure to mycobacteria. Furthermore, LILRA1 and LILRB5 were able to trigger signalling through direct engagement of mycobacteria using tranfectant cells incorporating a reporter system. We describe for the first time the expression of this receptor on T cells, and highlight the potential relevance to mycobacterial recognition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that crosslinking of this receptor on T cells increases proliferation of cytotoxic, but not helper, T cells

Quartz crystal microbalance for adsorption and diffusion studies

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was assembled to gather adsorption data of various gases on zeolite A. Zeolite A was bonded to a 5-MHz quartz crystal and was subjected to various gases at low-pressure conditions. Based on the piezoelectric effect, the QCM acts as a mass balance capable of measuring mass changes on the nanogram scale by recording the change of the frequency of the quartz crystal. Experimentation was carried out on a plain quartz crystal to verify the working state of the system and also through adsorbing various gases onto activated Zeolite A. Frequency changes were recorded on a frequency counter and stored in a spreadsheet through a fully automated data acquisition system. From the collected data, adsorption graphs were constructed as well as calculations of diffusivity and weight fraction for adsorption of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, and butene. Through experimentation, it was concluded that the quartz crystal microbalance is capable of measuring adsorption due to frequency changes of a quartz crystal