Progressive ductile shearing during till accretion within the deforming bed of a palaeo-ice stream

This paper presents the results of a detailed microstructural study of a thick till formed beneath the Weichselian (Devensian) Odra palaeo-ice stream, west of Środa Wielkopolska, Poland. This SE-flowing ice stream was one of a number of corridors of faster flowing ice which drained the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in the Baltic region. Macroscopically, the massive, laterally extensive till which formed the bed of this ice stream lacks any obvious evidence of glaciotectonism (thrusting, folding). However, microscale analysis reveals that bed deformation was dominated by foliation development, recording progressive ductile shearing within a subhorizontal subglacial shear zone. Five successive generations of clast microfabric (S1 to S5) have been identified defining a set of up-ice and down-ice dipping Riedel shears, as well as a subhorizontal shear foliation coplanar to the ice-bed interface. Cross-cutting relationships between the shear fabrics record temporal changes in the style of deformation during this progressive shear event. Kinematic indicators (S-C and ECC-type fabrics) within the till indicate a consistent SE-directed shear sense, in agreement with the regional ice flow pattern. A model of bed deformation involving incremental progressive simple shear during till accretion is proposed. The relative age of this deformation was diachronous becoming progressively younger upwards, compatible with subglacial shearing having accompanied till accretion at the top of the deforming bed. Variation in the relative intensity of the microfabrics records changes in the magnitude of the cumulative strain imposed on the till and the degree of coupling between the ice and underlying bed during fast ice flow

Novel methods of improving the palatability of feeds containing praziquantel for commercially cultured yellowtail kingfish

Praziquantel is a broad spectrum anthelmintic drug that has been used therapeutically in humans and other animals for over 30 years. The efficacy of praziquantel against polyopisthocotylean and monopisthocotylean monogenean flukes in fish using bath treatments has been well demonstrated, however such treatments are prohibitively expensive for sea cage operations. In-feed treatments are also effective, however praziquantel is very bitter and its inclusion into fish diets has a negative impact on food intake and therefore effective dosing. This study aimed to investigate several innovative approaches to improve the palatability of feed containing praziquantel for commercially cultured yellowtail kingfish. The study revealed that freshly applying garlic extract to the surface of pellets coated with praziquantel was highly effective at increasing palatability. Incorporation of praziquantel into mash feeds before pellet extrusion, incorporation of praziquantel into hydrogenated castor oil solid lipid nanoparticles and the use of transglutaminase to strengthen the gelatin binder all proved ineffective at increasing palatability. When the garlic extract was applied 5 days prior to feeding the diets, palatability was reduced. Fish fed diets freshly coated with garlic extract consumed 100% of the ration at a praziquantel dietary inclusion level of 5 g/kg. As the praziquantel inclusion level increased to 15 g/kg the consumption reduced slightly, but not significantly. The time taken to consume the ration was significantly slower in diets containing praziquantel and garlic extract coating compared to diets without praziquantel, regardless of praziquantel dietary inclusion level. This study focused on juvenile kingfish less than 350grams. Future research should revolve around larger kingfish, testing lower concentrations of garlic extract and testing efficacy of the actual treatment in fish infested with flukes. The findings have considerable potential to increase the efficiency of application of praziquantel to yellowtail kingfish and potentially other cultured finfish

Catástrofe

Este proyecto de Tesis busca aplicar el concepto de catástrofe dentro del proceso de proyecto, en una evolución no lineal, más bien errática, y variable en relación a las condiciones específicas locales; reconociendo la dinámica inmanente en las zonas de las catástrofes, como aquello que puede ser tomado como modelo de transformación

La musique pour tout le monde: Jean Wiener and the dawn of French jazz.

Jean Wiener was perceived as an authority on Parisian jazz in the early 1920s; he promoted the music for two decades. At first he explored possibilities for combining jazz with European art music traditions in both formal and informal venues. He came to prominence in 1921 as the pianist for the Bar Gaya (and its successor, the Boeuf sur le toit), where his adventurous musical tastes and his performances with African-American saxophonist Vance Lowry attracted the patronage of Jean Cocteau and his coterie. At the same time, Wiener organized an innovative concert series, based on the principle of unusual juxtaposition: jazz with modern French music, Stravinsky, the Second Viennese School, and mechanical instruments. By 1925, the proponents of music for everyday had largely dropped American popular music from their aesthetic program. But Wiener devoted himself to it all the more, forming a duo-piano concert team with Clement Doucet to bring what he billed as jazz a deux pianos to the widest possible audience. The Wiener-Doucet team made several dozen recordings and gave approximately 2000 concerts during the next fourteen years. Having already parted company with one musical avant-garde, Wiener then found himself at odds with proponents of the newest hot jazz, who condemned what Wiener played as inauthentic. His devotion to popular, accessible music, in part, led him to the Communist party, which he joined in 1938. Wiener's career brings to light many of the musical, cultural, and racial issues that arose when Paris first embraced American jazz. By drawing on periodical literature, French music criticism, published and unpublished music, recordings of the time, dance manuals, experiences of musicians, memoirs, and concert programs, the dissertation approaches an understanding of the complicated Parisian jazz world of the 1920s and Jean Wiener's contribution to it.Ph.D.BiographiesCommunication and the ArtsMusicSocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/131337/2/9840657.pd

Bioavailability and palatability of praziquantel incorporated into solid-lipid nanoparticles fed to yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi

In an effort to overcome the palatability issues currently constraining the effective delivery of praziquantel (PZQ) via feed to treat monogenean parasites in yellowtail kingfish, this study compared the bioavailability and palatability of PZQ in hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) against pure PZQ in this species. Improving bioavailability would facilitate lower dietary inclusion levels to achieve the same therapeutic dose and therefore reduce the bitterness of feeds containing PZQ. Bioavailability was determined by co-administering feed with either pure PZQ, HCO-SLN or HCO-SLN coated with chitosan via intubation and quantifying the pharmacokinetics response. In contrast to studies with mammals, the results demonstrated that PZQ in HCO-SLN had equal bioavailability to pure PZQ in yellowtail kingfish, including when HCO-SLN were coated with chitosan. We hypothesise that the lack of improvement in bioavailability may be due to the lack of M cells and Peyer's patches in fish and the subsequent inability of fish to take nanoparticles directly into the lymphatic system. Furthermore, palatability of the feeds medicated with PZQ was not improved when the PZQ was incorporated into HCO-SLN, possibly due to the low loading rate of PZQ within the HCO-SLN and the subsequent thick coating of nanoparticles that was required on the surface of the feed pellets. Combined, these data demonstrate that the SLN used in the current study are not capable of delivering the benefits required to enable effective in-feed treatment of PZQ against monogenean parasites in yellowtail kingfish