Actions of the emergency team physician at the crime scene

In order to clarify the committed criminal offense, or suspicion that a criminal offense was committed, on the spot of the disputed event an investigation is being performed. At any stage of the investigation emergency medical team comes to the site in order to provide medical assistance to the injured person or to confirm death. The physical evidence at the crime scene is most important, which is why medical emergency physician should behave in a manner that his presence at the site provides a lot of benefits and creates minimal damage, in the sense that it does not interfere with performing of investigation, does not make any changes to the crime scene, and does not contaminate it

Superimposition: SP: 304 / 04 G.Z.

Skull/image superimposition is the most prevalent method by which unknown skulls are being identified, since a photograph of the suspected dead person may be easily obtained from the victim's family. The sculls were photographed under the same angle as the head of the subjects during their lives. The most delicate part of the work was the correct positioning of the scull on the stand, and proportional magnification of the scull image. The Adobe® Photoshop® 6.0. (PWW600R724387 - 473) computer program was used during the experiments. After being incorporated in the computer memory, digitalized images of the scull and face were put one over the other and showed on the monitor in order to determine their possible congruence or differences. A special attention was paid to the congruence of the same anthropometrical spots of the scull with the face, as well as to following their contours. The process of fitting the skull into the image usually begins by positioning the eyes in correct relation to the orbits. The skull must not be broader or longer than the soft tissue on the image, and the chin, mouth, nose, ears and so on, should be in their correct positions. All difficulties, associated with the superpositioning process were recorded, with the special attention to the critical evaluation of negative and positive superimposition. The social justification of this method for identification, on both state and international level (Interpol) was noted. The paper has been fully illustrated with images showing all stages of the work by chronological and logical order. This is the one of the first papers trying to complete superimposition in our country

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol content in cannabis samples seized in Novi Sad during 2008

The three main cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) were identified and determined quantitatively using a GCD (GC-EI) instrument in 280 samples of illicit herbal cannabis, seized by the Police authorities in Novi Sad, during 2008. The samples were sent to the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Center Vojvodina, for forensic chemical analysis. The cannabinoid content of the samples enabled the classification of the cannabis into three chemical phenotypes and the differentiation into drug and textile-cannabis, using the Waller classification index. This differentiation has great forensic significance in the classification of certain cases as a criminal action. The experimental results showed that the Δ9-THC content in illicitly circulated cannabis slightly decreased from January to December 2008, as did the quality of the drug-cannabis. The reasons for the quality variations could lie in the geographical origin of the cannabis plants, the conditions of plants storage, various parts of the plants in samples and the time elapsed between harvesting and chemical analysis

Uticaj farmakološki aktivnih jedinjenja iz ekstrakta Ginkgo bilobae na kontraktilnost duodenuma i ileuma kunića

Findings that there are pharmacologically active compounds in the Ginkgo bilobae extract recently provoked numerous investigations of their action on the receptors of the autonomous nervous system. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of gingko extract on the contractility of the longitudinal smooth muscle layer in the wall of the rabbit duodenum and ileum using the method of Magnus. Results clearly show that gingko extract causes a dose dependent tonus decrease of duodenal and Heal smooth muscles in the rabbit. It also reduces the stimulation of spontaneous activity of smooth muscles caused by acetylcholine, the reduction being greater in ileum compared to duodenum.Biohemijska saznanja o prisustvu farmakološki aktivnih jedinjenja iz ekstrakta Ginkgo bilobae, dala su nov podstrek za izučavanje njihovog dejstva na receptore autonomnog nervnog sistema. Otuda je cilj našeg istraživanja bio da se ispita uticaj ekstrakta ove biljke na kontraktilnost glatkomišićnog sloja u zidu duodenuma i ileuma kunića metodom po Magnus-u. Rezultati Istraživanja ukazuju da ispitivani ekstrakt izaziva dozno-zavisno sniženje tonusa longitudinalne glatke muskulature duodenuma i ileuma, kao i da redukuje acetilholinom izazvanu stimulaciju spontane aktivnosti duodenuma i ileuma

Antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and weight-lowering effects of "Vitalplant"

BACKGROUND: "VITALPLANT" medicinal plant mixture, aimed at body weight regulation and metabolism enhancement was formulated in order to be incorporated as an ingredient in functional food formulations on the basis of known biological activity of the alder buckthorn bark, peppermint, caraway and parsley. METHODOLOGY: The body weight-lowering potential, hypolipidemic effects and antioxidant activity of "Vitalplant" mixture were examined on five groups of male Wistar rats on different food regimes for 14 weeks. RESULTS: "Vitalplant" mixture supplementation caused an increase in food intake, but induced a decrease in body weight gain. The lipid status and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly improved in "Vitalplant" mixture supplemented hyperlipidemic (HF) groups in comparison to HF group. "Vitalplant" mixture was able to influence the activity of antioxidant enzymes and to protect erythrocytes of the rats fed the HF diet from oxidative damage, which was indicated by significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in "Vitalplant"- HF groups in comparison to the HF group. CONCLUSION: "Vitalplant" mixture seemed to be beneficial for the reduction of body weight and improvement of antioxidant status of the erythrocytes, and its antihyperlipidemic property was highly active for enhancing the profile of plasma lipids in rats

Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of buckwheat leaf and flower mixture in hyperlipidemic rats

As a source of biologically active compounds, buckwheat has beneficial effects in nutrition due to its high content of flavonoids, particularly rutin. Aim of our study was to examine effects of buckwheat on plasma lipid status and phospholipids fatty acids composition, histological and parameters of oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. This study showed that buckwheat leaf and flower (BLF) mixture supplementation significantly reduce weight gain, plasma lipid concentrations and atherogenic index in rats fed a high-fat diet. Treatment of the high-fat group of animals with buckwheat significantly increased percentage of n-6 fatty acids as well as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decreased percentage of saturated fatty acids (SPA) and oleic acid. Buckwheat antioxidant effects diminished negative influence of high-fat diet in hyperlipidemic rats, while pathohistological analysis of liver confirmed changes after high-fat consumption. Our results showed hypolipidemic, antiatherogenic and antioxidative features of buckwheat leaf and flower mixture, and these parts of the plant with the highest rutin content could be beneficial in prevention and curing of hyperlipidemia

Checking of position of face organs with anatomical structures of skull in frontal position, important regarding superposition (experimental work on the topogram of author's head)

For proper execution of superposition as a method in face identification of missing persons, it is necessary to have an accurate insight into the correlation between face organs and skull. The works of many scientists (anatomists, anthropologists) and artists (painters and sculptors) made the canons of proportion of face and body. The work presents checking the position of face organs with anatomic structures of skull on topogram in frontal position. It represents the first experimental work of this kind in our country. Topographic-anatomic images of the head of author himself were used. Images were made on August, 25. 2006. using MS (Multislice) CT unit at the Institute for Radiology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad. A total of 33 of head images in frontal position were selected. Recordings show the gradual ''removal'' of the skin, muscles and blood vessels of the head in order to display the projection of face organs to anatomical structures of the skull. It can be clearly observed the central position of the eyeball lenses in orbital cavities, eyelids annexes, nostrils width and position of the tip of the nose in relation to the edges of the piriform aperture of skull. Correlation of facial soft tissue anthropometric points and skull anthropometric points is clearly observed in the frontal position of the head

Exclusion of identification by negative superposition

The paper represents the first report of negative superposition in our country. Photo of randomly selected young, living woman was superimposed on the previously discovered female skull. Computer program Adobe Photoshop 7.0 was used in work. Digitilized photographs of the skull and face, after uploaded to computer, were superimposed on each other and displayed on the monitor in order to assess their possible similarities or differences. Special attention was payed to matching the same anthropometrical points of the skull and face, as well as following their contours. The process of fitting the skull and the photograph is usually started by setting eyes in correct position relative to the orbits. In this case, lower jaw gonions go beyond the face contour and gnathion is highly placed. By positioning the chin, mouth and nose their correct anatomical position cannot be achieved. All the difficulties associated with the superposition were recorded, with special emphasis on critical evaluation of work results in a negative superposition. Negative superposition has greater probative value (exclusion of identification) than positive (possible identification). 100% negative superposition is easily achieved, but 100% positive - almost never. 'Each skull is unique and viewed from different perspectives is always a new challenge'. From this point of view, identification can be negative or of high probability

Ethical and legal dilemmas in infertility treatment

One of the main characteristics of the new millennium is the affirmation of human rights in all aspects of human existence, with the intention of turning declarative statements into reality. Development of up-to-date assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and their application in infertility treatment have raised numerous ethical, legal, religious, social and other questions. In vitro fertilization, donation of gametes, embryos and pre-embryos, cryopreservation of gametes, embryos, ovarian and testicular tissues, embryo transfer, genetic reproductive techniques, cloning and other sophisticated methods used in infertility treatment require cooperation between the medical and legal professions. Ethical aspects of human reproduction and assisted fertilization are based on full respect of the life of an individual even before conception, from pre-embryo stage, via embryo stage and fetus stage to a newborn infant. Regarding investigative and clinical projects, this standpoint implies the legalization of all ART procedures, unencumbered exchange of information and consensus about their application, and adherence to the basic ethical principles of autonomy benefit, justice and common welfare. Ethical postulates provide unequivocal directions in the creation of new life and resolve all possible ethical dilemmas, protecting the rights of doctors and participant in relevant procedures alike and reasserting the crucial principle - respect of human dignity

The Potential of Hemp Extracts to Modify the Course of Oxidative-Stress Related Conditions

The leaves of industrial hemp, which have long been considered as a waste product, have been proven to contain numerous compounds that possess potential biological activity. One of the most interesting groups of compounds present are polyphenolic compounds, which, due to their specific structure, have a pronounced antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential. This study aimed to detect biological activity, including antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential, of water and water–alcoholic extracts of five commercially available hemp teas, followed by phytochemical profiling. Hemp aqueous and ethanolic extracts demonstrate potent antioxidant properties. Ethanol extracts are better scavengers of DPPH• and OH•, while aqueous extracts neutralize NO• better. Both types of extracts exhibit antioxidant potential in the catalase test and moderate XOD inhibition. Furthermore, aqueous extracts are potent α-amylase inhibitors, while ethanolic extracts demonstrate stronger anti-α-glucosidase activity, suggesting therapeutic potential for chronic diseases like insulin resistance or diabetes. Further detailed chemical characterization and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings