The transmission spectrum of Earth through lunar eclipse observations

Of the 342 planets discovered so far orbiting other stars, 58 "transit" the stellar disk, meaning that they can be detected by a periodic decrease in the starlight flux. The light from the star passes through the atmosphere of the planet, and in a few cases the basic atmospheric composition of the planet can be estimated. As we get closer to finding analogues of Earth, an important consideration toward the characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres is what the transmission spectrum of our planet looks like. Here we report the optical and near-infrared transmission spectrum of the Earth, obtained during a lunar eclipse. Some biologically relevant atmospheric features that are weak in the reflected spectrum (such as ozone, molecular oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and methane) are much stronger in the transmission spectrum, and indeed stronger than predicted by modelling. We also find the fingerprints of the Earth's ionosphere and of the major atmospheric constituent, diatomic nitrogen (N2), which are missing in the reflected spectrum.Comment: Published in Nature, 11 July 2009. This file also contains the on-line materia

In-situ and Ex-situ characterization of III-V semiconductor materials and solar cells upon 10 MEV proton irradiation

In this work we present the results and analysis of a 10 MeV proton irradiation experiment performed on III-V semiconductor materials and solar cells. A set of representative devices including lattice-matched InGaP/GaInAs/Ge triple junction solar cells and single junction GaAs and InGaP component solar cells and a Ge diode were irradiated for different doses. The devices were studied in-situ before and after each exposure at dark and 1 sun AM0 illumination conditions, using a solar simulator connected to the irradiation chamber through a borosilicate glass window. Ex-situ characterization techniques included dark and 1 sun AM0 illumination I-V measurements. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the devices using D-AMPS-1D code together with calculations based on the TRIM software were performed in order to gain physical insight on the experimental results. The experiment also included the proton irradiation of an unprocessed Ge solar cell structure as well as the irradiation of a bare Ge(100) substrate. Ex-situ material characterization, after radioactive deactivation of the samples, includes Raman spectroscopy and spectral reflectivity

Effects of 10 MeV proton irradiation on III-V solar cells

In this work we present our latest results and analysis of a 10 MeV proton irradiation experiment performed on III-V solar cells. A set of representative devices were irradiated for different fluences, including latticematched GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple junction, GaInP/Ge double junction, and GaAs and Ge single junction solar cells. The methodology applied included the irradiation of two devices of each type; for a better control of the measurements, non-irradiated devices with the same characteristics of those irradiated were used as reference. The devices were monitored before and after each exposure by in-situ characterization of the electrical response under dark and under illumination using a solar simulator connected to the irradiation chamber through a borosilicate glass window. Ex-situ characterization techniques included dark and 1 sun AM0 illumination I-V curve and external quantum efficiency measurements. Furthermore, results of the numerical simulation of devices with D-AMPS-1D code are presented in order to give a physical interpretation of the results. DLTS spectroscopy preliminary results for single junction GaAs cells are also presented

Ensayos : revista de la Escuela Universitaria de Formación del Profesorado de Albacete

Resumen basado en el contenido de la publicaciónSe presenta el marco teórico existente entorno a la enseñanza-aprendizaje del concepto de número y cifra, del conteo y del cálculo matemático en las etapas de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria.ES

Ensayos : revista de la Escuela Universitaria de Formación del Profesorado de Albacete

Se trata de un análisis sobre las actitudes y actividades llevadas a cabo en la educación especial en la provincia de Albacete. Se estudia la integración escolar de personas con algún tipo de deficiencia y las reacciones del medio, tanto del alumnado como de los padres del mismo. Se concluye con la importancia de realizar este tipo de actividades y con estadísticas de los resultados obtenidos.Castilla La ManchaConsejería de Educación y Ciencia. Viceconsejería de Educación; Bulevar del Río Alberche, s. n. - 1 Planta; 45071 Toledo; Tel. +34925247400; Fax +34925247410;ES

Ensayos : revista de la Escuela Universitaria de Formación del Profesorado de Albacete

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónLas distintas metodologías empleadas a la hora de impartir una clase pueden repercutir sobre el nivel de ansiedad que padecen los alumnos y sobre su rendimiento. Utilizando una metodología con ECTS el nivel de ansiedad es mayor a lo largo del curso que utilizando una metodología tradicional. A la hora de realizar un examen las diferencias en ansiedad no son significativas. En cuanto al rendimiento escolar, obtuvieron mejores resultados aquellos alumnos que trabajaron con una metodología tradicional.ES