Urban Development and Sustainable Mobility: A Spatial Analysis in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area

This study provides empirical evidence on the links between urban development factors and the use of specific modes of transport in commuting in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. The case study is of interest because quantitative research on developing countries is scarce and their rapid urban growth and high rates of inequality may generate different results compared to the US or Europe. This relationship was assessed on locality level using regression methods. Spatial econometric techniques were applied to avoid unreliable inferences generated by spatial dependence and to detect the existence of externalities. Furthermore, we include in the model the socio-economic profile of each locality identified using cluster analysis. The findings reveal that population density affects motorised transport, that diversity is relevant for public transport and non-motorised trips, and urban design characteristics affect all modes of transport. Spatial dependence is detected for motorised transport, which may imply the existence of externalities, suggesting the need for coordinated decision-making processes on a metropolitan level. Finally, modal split depends on the socio-economic profile of a locality, which may influence the response to public transport policies. To sum up, these results may be useful when it comes to helping policymakers design integrated public policies on urban and transport planning.This work was supported by the UPV/EHU Econometrics Research Group (Basque Government grant IT1359-19) and EKOPOL Research Group (Basque Government grant IT1365-19)

Nothobranchius as a model for aging studies. A review

In recent decades, the increase in human longevity has made it increasingly important to expand our knowledge on aging. To accomplish this, the use of animal models is essential, with the most common being mouse (phylogenetically similar to humans, and a model with a long life expectancy) and Caenorhabditis elegans (an invertebrate with a short life span, but quite removed from us in evolutionary terms). However, some sort of model is needed to bridge the differences between those mentioned above, achieving a balance between phylogenetic distance and life span. Fish of the genus Nothobranchius were suggested 10 years ago as a possible alternative for the study of the aging process. In the meantime, numerous studies have been conducted at different levels: behavioral (including the study of the rest-activity rhythm), populational, histochemical, biochemical and genetic, among others, with very positive results. This review compiles what we know about Nothobranchius to date, and examines its future prospects as a true alternative to the classic models for studies on aging

EFECTOS DEL ESTRÉS POST TRAUMÁTICO DEL COVID-19 EN TRABAJADORES DEL CENTRO DE SALUD BUENOS AIRES DE VILLA, CHORRILLOS, LIMA, PERÚ 2021

Introducción: El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) surge tras vivir experiencias traumáticas, aumentando la ansiedad y el estrés. Es un problema de salud mental en el cual puede afectar de manera psicológica al personal de salud que está expuesto a partir de la aparición del COVID-19. Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados al estrés post traumático por COVID-19 en trabajadores del Centro de Salud Buenos Aires de Villa, Chorrillos, Lima 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo analítico y corte transversal. Se encuestó a 99 trabajadores que laboraban en el Centro de Salud Buenos Aires de Villa, mediante una Ficha de recolección de datos, en la cual se consignó información correspondiente a las variables establecidas según los objetivos; utilizando Microsoft Excel y SPSS versión 29.0, de acuerdo al análisis estadístico mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado y razón de prevalencias crudas y ajustadas. Resultados: La prevalencia de estrés postraumático en los trabajadores fue en 2,6 de cada 10 personas, concentrándose los casos en los mayores de 41 años, y 73.1% de las personas que sufrían esta condición no solicitaban apoyo; entorno al análisis multivariado, se determinó que solo el tipo de exposición al fenómeno se asoció a la problemática (sig<0.040, RPa=0.226, IC95% 0.055-0.932), siendo el no presenciar un evento un factor que reducía la probabilidad de presentar estrés postraumático. Conclusiones: Los resultados demostraron que existe una prevalencia del 26% de estrés post traumático en los trabajadores del hospital; y el tipo de exposición a situaciones de alto estrés emocional afectaba en el desarrollo de cuadros de post traumático del COVID-19

Transcription factor NRF2 uses the Hippo pathway effector TAZ to induce tumorigenesis in glioblastomas

Transcription factor NRF2 orchestrates a cellular defense against oxidative stress and, so far, has been involved in tumor progression by providing a metabolic adaptation to tumorigenic demands and resistance to chemotherapeutics. In this study, we discover that NRF2 also propels tumorigenesis in gliomas and glioblastomas by inducing the expression of the transcriptional co-activator TAZ, a protein of the Hippo signaling pathway that promotes tumor growth. The expression of the genes encoding NRF2 (NFE2L2) and TAZ (WWTR1) showed a positive correlation in 721 gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Moreover, NRF2 and TAZ protein levels also correlated in immunohistochemical tissue arrays of glioblastomas. Genetic knock-down of NRF2 decreased, while NRF2 overexpression or chemical activation with sulforaphane, increased TAZ transcript and protein levels. Mechanistically, we identified several NRF2-regulated functional enhancers in the regulatory region of WWTR1. The relevance of the new NRF2/TAZ axis in tumorigenesis was demonstrated in subcutaneous and intracranial grafts. Thus, intracranial inoculation of NRF2-depleted glioma stem cells did not develop tumors as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Forced TAZ overexpression partly rescued both stem cell growth in neurospheres and tumorigenicity. Hence, NRF2 not only enables tumor cells to be competent to proliferate but it also propels tumorigenesis by activating the TAZ-mediated Hippo transcriptional program.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grant SAF2016-76520-R. ME is recipient of a postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva; DL and NRA of a FPU contract of MINECO; MP and RFG of a FPI contracts of Autonomous University of Madrid. RG has been funded by the AECC Scientific Foundation

Teaching biological rhythms in endocrinology: cortisol and wrist temperature. Póster

This work has been developed as part of the Endocrinology and Metabolism student’s laboratory formation from Biology degree at the University of Murcia. Endocrinology and Metabolism is an elective oneterm course that is taught in the fourth year (4.5 ECTS) for "Biosanitary and Biotechnology" intensification. The course focuses on the study of global and intermediary human metabolism and hormonal regulation, both under normal and special situations. It is our objective to get undergraduate students of Endocrinology and Metabolism with the importance of hormonal diurnal fluctuations in endocrine systems through their involvement in an innovative research program. In addition, with the participation of PhD student in this program, we try to improve their skills in innovative teaching. In humans cortisol circadian rhythm peaks in the morning and shows the lowest levels during the midnight. This fluctuation of cortisol plasma level is reflected in saliva, allowing a simple, non invasive and unstressful sample collection. The influence of different factors, exercise, schedule and weekend shifts, on the rhythmic pattern of cortisol has been studied along various years.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Modelo simbi?tico de emprendimiento empresarial en contextos de pobreza

?C?mo pueden las comunidades deprimidas ubicadas en zonas directas de influencia de grandes empresas (como las compa??as mineras) aprovechar productivamente los recursos que obtienen por esta proximidad, adem?s de sus propios recursos? Este libro presenta una propuesta te?rico-conceptual para realizar negocios que se basa en el establecimiento de alianzas estrat?gicas con la gran empresa, los productores comuneros de dichas ?reas, el sector acad?mico y los centros de investigaci?n para poner en valor y potenciar las producciones locales. Este modelo de emprendimiento se denomina "simbi?tico" justamente porque propicia la asociaci?n de estos actores para el beneficio com?n. En particular, analiza el caso real de la Comunidad de Huaripampa, ubicada en la zona de influencia de la Compa??a Minera Antamina, y la crianza del cuy orientada al mercado como alternativa de desarrollo. La empresa "Don Guillermo" act?a como un articulador de producciones y consumidores, lo que supone, adem?s de la generaci?n de alianzas estrat?gicas, la transformaci?n productiva y la venta de los productos transformados. La propuesta supone el trabajo con madres de familia con el objeto de conformar redes productivas y una plataforma financiera que se valga de las figuras de fondos y fideicomisos para canalizar microcr?ditos productivos destinados a la compra de materia prima e insumos, la capacitaci?n t?cnica, la adquisici?n de tecnolog?as y la promoci?n del negocio entre las familias. "Don Guillermo" redirecciona los programas de desarrollo comunitario y de desarrollo de capacidades productivas de la gran empresa, a fin de asegurarle a esta un destino redituable a sus esfuerzos de capacitaci?n y mejores condiciones para la generaci?n de paz social en la zona donde opera. En cuanto a los comuneros, aplica una metodolog?a de gesti?n que ordena las capacidades de las unidades familiares para conformar, mediante la asociatividad, escalas comerciales que se conectan luego a mercados extralocales. Respecto a la participaci?n del sector acad?mico, asegura la aplicaci?n de la innovaci?n tecnol?gica con fines de mercado

Distância anogenital das mulheres e a relação com a exposição pré-natal da mãe

Anogenital distance (AGD) is a genital development marker which is a sexually dimorphic trait in mammals. Different experimental studies have shown that AGD at birth reflects the androgen exposure of the fetus during its in-utero development. The object of our study was to examine the relation between maternal prenatal exposures to different substances and compounds used on a daily basis during pregnancy and AGD of their daughters as an indirect marker of the intrauterine hormonal environment. This is a cross-sectional study of 100 healthy female undergraduates of ages ranging from 18 to 23. Every participant was subjected to a full gynecological examination, where two AGD variants were measured: AGDAC (anus-clitoris) and AGDAF (anus-fourchette). Both the young women and their mothers completed an epidemiological questionnaire on lifestyles, including prenatal exposure to products and gynecological history. Multiple linear and logistic regression analysis was used to study the relation between the mothers’ exposure to products and their daughters’ AGD. A longer AGDAF in the daughters was significantly associated with a higher prenatal exposure of their mothers to insecticides/pesticides and solvents/degreasers (aOR: 3.9; IC 95%: 1.2, 12.7 and 3.8; IC 95%: 1.1-12.6, respectively). Our results show that certain prenatal environmental exposures of mothers might be associated with significant variations of their daughters’ AGD, a sensitive biomarker that reflects androgen fetal exposure during in-utero development.La distancia anogenital (DAG) es un marcador de desarrollo genital que presenta un dimorfismo sexual en mamíferos. Diversos estudios experimentales han mostrado que la DAG al nacimiento refleja la exposición androgénica a la que el feto ha estado expuesto durante su desarrollo intraútero. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue explorar la relación entre exposiciones prenatales (maternas) a distintos productos o sustancias de uso cotidiano durante el embarazo y la DAG de sus hijas como marcador indirecto del ambiente hormonal intrauterino. Se trata de un estudio transversal que incluyó 100 jóvenes universitarias sanas entre 18 y 23 años. A cada participante se le realizó un examen ginecológico completo y se midieron dos variantes de DAG: ano-clítoris (DAGAC) y ano-horquilla vulvar (DAGAH). Tanto las jóvenes como sus madres completaron un cuestionario epidemiológico sobre estilos de vida, incluyendo exposición a productos prenatales e historia ginecológica. Las asociaciones entre la exposición a productos prenatales y las DAG de las hijas se realizaron mediante análisis de regresión lineal y logística múltiple. Una mayor exposición materna a insecticidas/plaguicidas y disolventes/desengrasantes se asoció significativamente con una DAGAH alargada en las hijas (ORa: 3,9; IC 95 % 1,2,- 12,7 y 3,8; IC 95 % 1,1 - 12,6, respectivamente). Nuestros resultados respaldan que ciertas exposiciones prenatales maternas ambientales podrían estar asociadas con variaciones significativas de las DAG en sus hijas, un biomarcador que refleja la exposición androgénica fetal durante el desarrollo intraútero.Distância anogenital (AGD) é um traço de dimorfismo sexual em mamíferos. Diversos estudos experimentais em animais sugerem que a AGD ao nascer reflete as concentrações de andrógenos a que o feto terá sido exposto durante o desenvolvimento uterino. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as associações entre a exposição pré-natal da mãe a diferentes substâncias e compostos de uso quotidiano durante a gravidez e a AGD das suas filhas, como um marcador indireto do ambiente hormonal durante o desenvolvimento no útero. É um estudo transversal efetuado a 100 voluntárias, saudáveis, em idade universitária (18-23 anos) no sul da Espanha. Realizou-se um exame ginecológico completo a cada participante, tendo-se medido as diferenças da AGD: ânus- clitóris (AGDAC) e ânus-freio dos pequenos lábios (AGDAF). Foi também aplicado um questionário epidemiológico, tanto às jovens participantes como as suas mães, acerca dos estilos de vida, história ginecológica, incluindo a exposição a produtos na fase pré- natal. Para verificar a associação entre os produtos pré-natais e as AGD das filhas, foi usada a análise de regressão linear múltipla e a análise de regressão logística. Uma maior exposição materna a inseticidas/pesticidas e solventes teve uma associação significativa com uma AGDAF alargada nas filhas (ORa: 3,9; IC 95 % 1,2, 12,7 e 3,8; IC 95 % 1,1, 12,6, respetivamente). Os nossos resultados sugerem que determinadas exposições ambientais da mãe na fase pré-natal podem estar associadas com variações significativas das AGD das filhas, um biomarcador que reflete as concentrações de andrógenos durante o desenvolvimento uterino

Changes in tissue and mitochondrial membrane composition during rapid growth, maturation and aging in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Membrane compositions, particularly of mitochondria, could be critical factors in the mechanisms of growth and aging processes, especially during phases of high oxidative stress that result in molecular damage. In the present study, liver and mitochondrial membrane phospholipid (PL) compositions were analyzed in rainbow trout during its four first years of life, a period characterized by rapid growth and high oxidative stress. Specifically, farmed fish of three ages (1-, 2- and 4-years) were studied, and PL compositions of whole liver and liver mitochondria, and fatty acid compositions of individual PL classes were determined. Liver mitochondrial membranes showed a PL composition different to that of the whole tissue suggesting adaptation of cell and subcellular membranes to specific functions. Individual PL had characteristic fatty acid compositions that were similar in whole liver and mitochondrial membranes. Whole liver and mitochondria showed increased lipid peroxidation with age along with changes in membrane PL fatty acid compositions. Most PL classes showed similar changes in fatty acid composition among the age groups, with reduced proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and, generally, concomitantly increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, which together resulted in reduced peroxidation index (PIn). However, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content did not change significantly with age due to increased eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and, in most PL, increased n&minus;6 PUFA. These results suggest there may be oxidation of PL DHA with compensatory mechanisms to maintain membrane fluidity and function. However, modification of fatty acid composition of specific PLs, such as cardiolipin, could affect the electron transport chain efficiency and propagate the oxidative reaction throughout the cell. In addition, both the content and fatty acid composition of sphingomyelin, which has been suggested as a possible mediator of cell dysfunction and apoptosis, changed with age differently to the other PL classes. Moreover, these changes showed different trends between mitochondria and whole liver. These data suggest there is marked oxidative stress associated with rapid growth and maturation in rainbow trout. Changes observed in membrane lipids point to their possible participation in the processes involved in this species response to oxidative stress and damage accumulation rate