Soil Protection in the EU According to the Directive on Industrial Emissions (IED) and Croatian Practice

Background and Purpose: Soil protection against pollution in EU is mostly covered in a new Directive on industrial emissions (IED), adopted on November 24, 2010 as a follow up of the IPPC Directive. For all industrial facilities that fall under IED, the Directive obliges the establishment of a complex system of management of contaminated soil at the national level, in order to facilitate the implementation of the principle of “polluter pays” furthermore to reduce the risk of contamination of soil and groundwater. Material and Methods: This paper presents an overview of soil management system that should be established in each EU country to fulfil IED requirements. It consists of a meta-analysis of IED requirements and current state and drawbacks of soil protection in Croatia including present state of legislation, responsibility of authorities, soil surveys and remediation activities. Results and Conclusions: IED set the obligation on the industrial operator before the start of production to prepare a report on the initial state of soil as a necessary requirement for obtaining environmental permit. It set obligations for monitoring of soil and groundwater status in the location of industrial facility for a period of ten (soil) and five years (groundwater). After the cessation of production, and in the case of exceeding critical limits of pollution, the operator is obliged to perform remediation or restitution of land in the state as it was at the beginning of production. Management of contaminated soil according to IED requirements obliges the Croatian government to establish a complex multi-level system. At first it requires better definition of responsibilities between two ministries; Ministry of Environmental and Nature protection and Ministry of Agriculture. IED requires enactment of adequate legal basis (i.e. Soil protection act) and the establishment of operational instruments for the implementation of soil protection, such as a register of contaminated soils and the accreditation of soil remediation experts

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN AND CANADIAN PROGRAM OF CHILDREN´S TENNIS

U ovom diplomskom radu prikazana su dva pristupa rada u tenisu s djecom mlađom od deset godina. U radu se iznose osnovne karakteristike europskog (Play and Stay) i kanadskog (Kids Tennis) programa dječjih teniskih igraonica te se ukazuje na njihove minimalne razlike. Naglašava se važnost poduke tenisa kroz igru, kao i važnost dječjih natjecanja.This present thesis shows two approaches to tennis in working with children up to ten years of age. Throughout the work, the basic charahteristics of the European and Canadian programs for children`s tennis playrooms will be outlined and the minimum differences between the two programs will be highlighted. The importance of teaching tennis through play and the importance of children`s competitions will be emphasized

Researches of Soil Changes in the Pinus and Robinia Forest on Đurđevački SandsArea

Na području Đurđevačkih pijesaka u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj pri kraju 19. stoljeća pošumljeni su pijesci s običnim i crnim borom. Nakon nekog vremena na području pijesaka počeo je pridolaziti i obični bagrem. Pošumljavanje je rađeno u svrhu smirivanja pijesaka u tadašnjoj “Hrvatskoj pustinji” te kako bi se pripremili ekološki uvjeti za prirodnu obnovu i rast šuma na tom području. Srednja godišnja količina padalina je 950 mm, srednja godišnja temperatura 10,1 Co. Matični supstrat sadrži 78–80 % SiO2i 2-4 % CaO + MgO. U ovome radu istražuje se utjecaj vegetacije na tla tijekom 27 godina rasta šume crnog i običnog bora te bagrema. Istraživano područje po vegetacijskim obilježjima pripada u šumsku zajednicu hrasta lužnjaka i običnoga graba (Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris, Anić 1956 ex. Rauš 1969). Prema podacima istraživanja može se zaključiti kako postoji utjecaj šumske vegetacije na arenosole na području Đurđevačkih pijesaka. Na pijescima je rasprostranjen tip tla Arenosol, a recentna pedogeneza i evolucija tala odvija se progresivno prema tipovima tala: sirozemima (Regosol) i dalje prema rankerima.In the area of Đurđevački pijesci (Northern Croatia), at the end of 19thct, forestation with the Scotch and Austrian pine has been carried out; later on it has been performed with the black Locust as well, the aim of which was to calm the active sands down and to stop the “Croatian desert” to spread, together with improving of the ecological life conditions. After about 100 years, this work analyses the forest vegetation influence on some soil characteristics and crop productivity. The investigated vegetation spread in an area of forest community of Peduncled Oak and Common Hornbeam(Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris, Anić 1956 ex. Rauš 1969). The average annual precipitation quantity is 950 mm; the average annual air temperature is 10,1 oC. The parent material of soils contains 78–80 % SiO2 and 2–4 % CaO + MgO. The most important results of these researches are: On sand area in north Croatia (Đurđevački Pijesci) in the period of 90–110 years under the forest of Austrian pine, Scotch pine and Black Locust there has been formed – Rubic, Folic, Protic, Endogleyic, Haplic Arenosols (Dystric, Greyic, Novic, Transportic). From the mentioned research and soil data it can be concluded that the forest vegetation had a strong influence on a progressive direction of the soil evolution. The sands represent a very recent pedogenetic formation belonging mainly to the genetic-evolutionary stage of leached sirozem (grey desert soils) with a tendency of future development towards the initial Leptosol (Ranker)

Contribution on knowledge of Štirovača soils on Velebit

Na području Štirovače na Velebitu pristupilo se istraživanju fiziografskih znaćčjki tala kao i njihovoj sistematskoj pripadnosti. Na većem dijelu istraživanog područja rasprostranjeni su prema geološkim podacima vapnenci i dolomiti, brečokonglomerati i tufitični klastiti. Najrasprostranjenije tlo je sme|e tlo na dolomitima i vapnencima, crnice na vapnencima, kisela sme|a tla te sme|a podzolasta tla. U manjem dijelu Štirovače prevladavaju koluvijalna tla koja su nastala recentnim premještanjem zemljišnog materijala tijekom jačih bujičnih vodotoka te pod djelovanjem leda i snijega, i lesivirana tla koja su na zaravnjenim dubokim matičnim supstratima te u vrtačama. Ovisno o litološkoj podlozi na području Štirovače, tla su kisela (distrično sme|a tla, smeđa podzolasta, podzoli i luvisoli) i neutralna do alkalična (smeđa tla na vapnencima i dolomitima, crnice na vapnencima rendzine i eutrično smeđe tlo).In the area of [tirova~a on Velebit a research of soil physiographic characteristics, as well as their systematic affiliation was undertaken. According to geological data, the major part of the research area consists of limestone and dolomite, breccia - conglomerates and tufitic clastites. The most widespread soil types are calcocambisol, leptosol on limestone, dystric cambisol and dystric humic cambisol. In a small part of [tirova~a colluvial soils are predominant, developed due to recent movement of soil material as the result of stronger torrents, ice and snow, and luvisols on flat, deep parent material and in karst sinkholes. Depending on the parent rock, in the area of [tirova~a soils can be acid (dystric cambisols, dystric humic cambisols, podzols and luvisols) or neutral to alcalic (calcocambisols, leptosols, rendzina and eutric cambisols)

Uloga informacijskog centra – otvorenost knjižnice korisnicima

Cilj. Cilj je rada prikazati aktivnosti koje provodi Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu s ciljem postizanja što veće otvorenosti i javne dostupnosti informacijskih usluga i izvora koje Knjižnica nudi. Pristup/metodologija/dizajn. Dan je pregled nekih od relevantnih međunarodnih dokumenata i ciljeva UN-ove Agende održivog razvoja do 2030. Prikazane su aktivnosti Informacijskog centra u ostvarivanju zadanih ciljeva. Rezultati. Prikazana je sinergija između međunarodnih političkih i knjižničnih dokumenata i provedbe njihovih ciljeva u partnerstvu s knjižnicama. To se postiže na način da knjižnice osnažuju društvo i pojedinca pružajući pristup internetu i informacijskim izvorima, usluge informacijskog opismenjavanja i kritičkog mišljenja te edukacije o ostalim uslugama knjižnice koje su dostupne građanima. Originalnost/vrijednost. Rad prikazuje ulogu knjižnice i informacijskih usluga u ostvarivanju globalnih razvojnih ciljeva na primjeru Informacijskog centra Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice kroz usluge edukacije i otvorenosti Knjižnice javnosti

Estimation of soil organic carbon stocks and stock changes in Croatia (1980–2006) – use of national soil database and the Corine Land Cover

Background and Purpose: In this study, estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for the LULUCF categories is provided together with assessment of spatial and temporal trend of soil carbon density (SCD) for the 1980–2006 period in Croatia. Materials andMethods: Calculations of soil carbon stockswas based on data of soil organic carbon from the national (pedon) database of Croatian soils that consisted of 2351 soil profiles and Corine Land Cover inventories in 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2006. Results and Conclusions: The total estimated soil organic carbon stock in Croatia for all CLC categories relevant for the LULUCF sector (93% of the total country area in 2006) is 618,77Mt. Forests and areas with natural vegetation with 348,11 Mt contribute most of all categories, of which managed forests (broad-leaved, coniferous and mixed) contain 241,93 Mt and other natural vegetation classes 106,18Mt. Estimated soil carbon stock in agricultural land is 270,46 Mt, of which 166,99 Mt contain classes of intensive agriculture (arable land, permanent crops and complex cultivation patterns). Total change in SC stock between 1980 and 2006 equals +1,91 Mt and is mostly due to changes in agricultural practices in rural areas (abandonment of intensive grazing and conversion of pastures into natural grasslands). Changes in the forestry sector during the considered period were less noticeable but were also present, particularly for broad-leaved forest class (–2,73 Mt C). Trends of SC stock changes in LULUCF categories represent good indices of demographic and socio-economic processes in Croatia where three distinctive momentswere evident: (I) decrease of SC stock in the 1980–1990 period mostly due to urban sprawl; (II) increase of SC stock in the 1900–2000 period due to the decline of agricultural activities in rural areas during and after war period; (III) decline of SC after 2000 due to more intensive urbanization and infrastructural development

What do we know about Zika virus?

Zika virus (ZIKV) pripadnik je porodice Flaviviridae. Širi se ubodom inficiranog komarca roda Aedes, spolnim putem, s majke na fetus, te iznimno direktnim krvnim prijenosom. ZIKV uzrokuje blagu kliničku sliku, popraćenu nespecifičnim simptomima, a liječenje je simptomatsko. ZIKV se dijagnosticira pomoću molekularnih i seroloških metoda. Infekcija se povezuje s pojavom mikrocefalije u novorođenčadi inficiranih majki te s povećanim rizikom od pojave Guillain–Barréova sindroma. Mjere prevencije infekcije uključuju minimiziranje kontakta s komarcima, prakticiranje sigurnih spolnih odnosa i kontrolu darovane krvi prije transfuzije. Ne postoji djelotvorno cjepivo protiv ZIKV-a, ali nekoliko cjepiva u fazi je ispitivanja.Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridaefamily. It is primarily spread via infectedAedesmosquitoes, sexual contact, and from the mother to the foetus, while direct transmission by blood is exceptional. ZIKV causes a mild illness characterized by non-specific symptoms. Treatment is limited to symptomatic therapy. ZIKV is diagnosedusingmolecular or serologic methods. ZIKV infection is associated with microcephaly of infants borntoinfected mothers and an increased risk of Guillain-Barrésyndrome. Prevention measures include minimizing contact with mosquitoes, practising safe sex and control of donated blood. There are no ZIKV vaccines, but several are undergoing trials

THE INFLUENCE OF AMPHIBOLITE ROCK EXPLOITATION ON FORESTS AND SOIL IN VETOVO AREA

Na području Vetova, u Požeškoj Županiji, dulji niz godina je obavljana eksploatacija amfibolskih stijena, a taložne tvari, nastale uslijed kopanja i mrvljenja stijena, utjecale su na okoliš kamenoloma tijekom niza decenija, sve do današnjih dana. Kako bi se istražio utjecaj kamenoloma na okolne šume, u dogovoru s Hrvatskim šumama Uprave šuma Požega, praćeno je taloženje prašine i padalina kroz 6 mjeseci tijekom 2001. godine na dvije pokusne plohe. Jedna pokusna ploha je postavljena u šumskoj zajednici hrasta kitnjaka i bukve blizu kamenoloma, a druga kao kontrola nekoliko kilometara dalje u istoj zajednici na istom tipu tla. Na oba lokaliteta tip tla je distrični kambisol, lesivirani. Na svakoj su plohi postavljena po tri lijevka. Od iona analizirani su SiO2, SO4, Mg, Ca, K i Na. Rezultati laboratorijskih analiza uzoraka vode pokazali su veliku razliku u sadržaju SiO2 i SO4 tijekom svih mjeseci u godini. Na plohi blizu kamenoloma prisutno je bilo višestruko povećanje količine tih čestica. Prosječni pH uzoraka na plohi kod kamenoloma iznosio je 5,18 s rasponom od 3,53 do 6,21, a prosječni pH na kontrolnoj plohi je iznosio 6,77 s rasponom pH od 5,60 do 8,28. Jasno je da na sastav i pH padalina imaju utjecaja i ostale tvari koje dolaze daljinskim transportom, ali se ovdje to nije moglo razdvojiti. Papu~ki su amfiboliti zbog pojavljivanja dioritnog kemizma nešto „kiseliji“ i imaju 51,93% SiO2. Uslijed povećanja SiO2 uzorci na plohi blizu kamenoloma su kiseliji u odnosu na kontrolu, a to ima utjecaja na kemizam tala tog područja i na vegetaciju obližnje šumske zajednice.In the area of Vetovo in Po`ega county the exploitation of amphibolite rocks has been going on for a number of years, and deposited mattter as a by-product of digging and grounding rock have had an impact on the quarry surroundings for some decades. To research into the influence of the quarry on the surrounding forsts, in agreement with Croatian forests Ltd. Of the Forest administration Po`ega, the dry and wet deposition was monitored on two research plots. One of the plots was set up in the forest association of common oak and common beech near the quarry, and another as control a few kilometers further in the same association, and on the same soil type. On both localities the soil type is dystric cambisol. Three samplers were set up on each plot. SiO2, SO4, Mg, Ca, K and Na were analysed. The results of laboratory analysis of water samples have shown differences in the concentrations of SiO2 and SO4 ions during every month of research. Multiple increase of these particles was always on the plot near the quarry. The mean pH of samples on the plot near the quarry was 5,18, with a span from 3,53 to 6,21, and the mean pH on the control plot was 6,77, with a span from 5,60 to 8,28. It is clear that the composition and pH of precipitation is influenced also by compounds brought in by long-range transport, but here it could not be separated. Amphibolites of Papuk are somewhat more “acid” due to diorite chemistry and contain 51,93% of SiO2. Due to the increase of SiO2 the samples on the plot near the quarry are more acid in comparison with control, and that also has an impact on the soil chemistry in this area as well as the vegetation of the nearby forest associations