202 research outputs found
Geometrical effects on the optical properties of quantum dots doped with a single magnetic atom
The emission spectra of individual self-assembled quantum dots containing a
single magnetic Mn atom differ strongly from dot to dot. The differences are
explained by the influence of the system geometry, specifically the in-plane
asymmetry of the quantum dot and the position of the Mn atom. Depending on both
these parameters, one has different characteristic emission features which
either reveal or hide the spin state of the magnetic atom. The observed
behavior in both zero field and under magnetic field can be explained
quantitatively by the interplay between the exciton-manganese exchange
interaction (dependent on the Mn position) and the anisotropic part of the
electron-hole exchange interaction (related to the asymmetry of the quantum
dot).Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Let
Electron spin relaxation in carbon nanotubes
The long standing problem of inexplicably short spin relaxation in carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) is examined. The curvature-mediated spin-orbital interaction
is shown to induce fluctuating electron spin precession causing efficient
relaxation in a manner analogous to the Dyakonov-Perel mechanism. Our
calculation estimates longitudinal (spin-flip) and transversal (decoherence)
relaxation times as short as 150 ps and 110 ps at room temperature,
respectively, along with a pronounced anisotropic dependence. Interference of
electrons originating from different valleys can lead to even faster dephasing.
The results can help clarify the measured data, resolving discrepancies in the
literature.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Shrinking limits of silicon MOSFET's: Numerical study of 10-nm-scale devices
We have performed numerical modeling of dual-gate ballistic n-MOSFET's with
channel length of the order of 10 nm, including the effects of quantum
tunneling along the channel and through the gate oxide. Our analysis includes a
self-consistent solution of the full (two-dimensional) electrostatic problem,
with account of electric field penetration into the heavily-doped electrodes.
The results show that transistors with channel length as small as 8 nm can
exhibit either a transconductance up to 4,000 mS/mm or gate modulation of
current by more than 8 orders of magnitude, depending on the gate oxide
thickness. These characteristics make the devices satisfactory for logic and
memory applications, respectively, though their gate threshold voltage is
rather sensitive to nanometer-scale variations in the channel length.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Special Issue of Superlattices and
Microstructures: Third NASA Workshop on Device Modeling, August 199
Direct measurement of a pure spin current by a polarized light beam
The photon helicity may be mapped to a spin-1/2, whereby we put forward an
intrinsic interaction between a polarized light beam as a ``photon spin
current'' and a pure spin current in a semiconductor, which arises from the
spin-orbit coupling in valence bands as a pure relativity effect without
involving the Rashba or the Dresselhaus effect due to inversion asymmetries.
The interaction leads to circular optical birefringence, which is similar to
the Faraday rotation in magneto-optics but nevertheless involve no net
magnetization. The birefringence effect provide a direct, non-demolition
measurement of pure spin currents.Comment: Erratum version to [Physical Review Letter 100, 086603 (2008)
High-resolution Raman microscopy of curled carbon nanotubes
The use of confocal Raman imaging spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy for identifying conditions of carbon nanotubes with bent nanotube bundles in the bent state was described. It was found that the tangential G mode on Raman spectra systemically shifts downward upon nanotube bending. The frequency shifts observed in the nanotubes were due to tensile strain of the bending nanotube arrays, which resulted in the loosening of C-C bonds in the outer walls. It was speculated that the frequency shift in Raman spectra was used for fast monitoring of the bending state of the standing carbon nanotube in gas and fluid flow nanosensors.open282
Optical effects of spin currents in semiconductors
A spin current has novel linear and second-order nonlinear optical effects
due to its symmetry properties. With the symmetry analysis and the eight-band
microscopic calculation we have systematically investigated the interaction
between a spin current and a polarized light beam (or the "photon spin
current") in direct-gap semiconductors. This interaction is rooted in the
intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in valence bands and does not rely on the Rashba
or Dresselhaus effect. The light-spin current interaction results in an optical
birefringence effect of the spin current. The symmetry analysis indicates that
in a semiconductor with inversion symmetry, the linear birefringence effect
vanishes and only the circular birefringence effect exists. The circular
birefringence effect is similar to the Faraday rotation in magneto-optics but
involves no net magnetization nor breaking the time-reversal symmetry.
Moreover, a spin current can induce the second-order nonlinear optical
processes due to the inversion-symmetry breaking. These findings form a basis
of measuring a pure spin current where and when it flows with the standard
optical spectroscopy, which may provide a toolbox to explore a wealth of
physics connecting the spintronics and photonics.Comment: 16 pages, 7 fig
Spin polarization decay in spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 systems
We present a general unifying theory for spin polarization decay due to the
interplay of spin precession and momentum scattering that is applicable to both
spin-1/2 electrons and spin-3/2 holes. Our theory allows us to identify and
characterize a wide range of qualitatively different regimes. For strong
momentum scattering or slow spin precession we recover the D'yakonov-Perel
result, according to which the spin relaxation time is inversely proportional
to the momentum relaxation time. On the other hand, we find that, in the
ballistic regime the carrier spin polarization shows a very different
qualitative behavior. In systems with isotropic spin splitting the spin
polarization can oscillate indefinitely, while in systems with anisotropic spin
splitting the spin polarization is reduced by spin dephasing, which is
non-exponential and may result in an incomplete decay of the spin polarization.
For weak momentum scattering or fast spin precession, the oscillations or
non-exponential spin dephasing are modulated by an exponential envelope
proportional to the momentum relaxation time. Nevertheless, even in this case
in certain systems a fraction of the spin polarization may survive at long
times. Finally it is shown that, despite the qualitatively different nature of
spin precession in the valence band, spin polarization decay in spin-3/2 hole
systems has many similarities to its counterpart in spin-1/2 electron systems.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Statistics of the Charging Spectrum of a Two-Dimensional Coulomb Glass Island
The fluctuations of capacitance of a two-dimensional island are studied in
the regime of low electron concentration and strong disorder, when electrons
can be considered classical particles. The universal capacitance distribution
is found, with the dispersion being of the order of the average. This
distribution is shown to be closely related to the shape of the Coulomb gap in
the one-electron density of states of the island. Behavior of the the
capacitance fluctuations near the metal - insulator transition is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, LaTex, 4 Postscript figures are included Discussion of the
situation with screening by metallic gate is adde
Spin-orbit interaction from low-symmetry localized defects in semiconductors
The presence of low-symmetry impurities or defect complexes in the
zinc-blende direct-gap semiconductors (e.g. interstitials, DX-centers) results
in a novel spin-orbit term in the effective Hamiltonian for the conduction
band. The new extrinsic spin-orbit interaction is proportional to the matrix
element of the defect potential between the conduction and the valence bands.
Because this interaction arises already in the first order of the expansion of
the effective Hamiltonian in powers of Uext/Eg << 1 (where Uext is the
pseudopotential of an interstitial atom, and Eg is the band gap), its
contribution to the spin relaxation rate may exceed that of the previously
studied extrinsic contributions, even for moderate concentrations of
impurities.Comment: extended version, 5+ page
Two-electron state in a disordered 2D island: pairing caused by the Coulomb repulsion
We show the existence of bound two-electron states in an almost depleted
two-dimensional island. These two-electron states are carried by special
compact configurations of four single-electron levels. The existence of these
states does not require phonon mediation, and is facilitated by the
disorder-induced potential relief and by the electron-electron repulsion only.
The density of two-electron states is estimated and their evolution with the
magnetic field is discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 1 fi
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