STUDY OF FOOD LOSSES IN THE DISTRIBUTION PHASES OF THE U.S. FOOD SYSTEM

Agribusiness,

Study of electrode phenomena by the cathode ray oscillograph

A study of the time of passivation of gold has been made in a series of hydrochloric acid solutions. For a given concentration of hydrochloric acid the equation (i - i₀)T = K holds for all current densities provided the solution is vigorously stirred. This equation is similar to that obtained by Shutt and Walton working at lower current densities. A linear relation has been found to exist between i₀, the limiting current density and the acid concentration. A similar relation also holds between the constant K and the hydrochloric acid concentration. The results obtained have been interpreted on the basis of a diffusion theory. The time of passivation is taken to be the time required to set up a diffusion layer at the electrode surface. The reduction of the chloride concentration at the electrode surface to nearly zero is assumed to be necessary before the passivation of the electrode can take place. Two methods have been given whereby the thickness of the diffusion layer at the electrode can be determined The results are in reasonable agreement with each other and are of the order normally encountered in diffusion phenomena. A reason for the non-application of sand's equation has been suggested

Cyclical dynamics of airline industry earnings

Aggregate airline industry earnings have exhibited large-amplitude cyclical behavior since deregulation in 1978. To explore the causes of these cycles we develop a behavioral dynamic model of the airline industry with endogenous capacity expansion, demand, pricing, and other feedbacks; and model several strategies industry actors have employed in efforts to mitigate the cycle. We estimate model parameters by maximum likelihood methods during both partial model tests and full model estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to establish confidence intervals. Contrary to prior work we find that the delay in aircraft acquisition (the supply line of capacity on order) is not a very influential determinant of the profit cycle. Instead we find that aggressive use of yield management—varying prices to ensure high load factors (capacity utilization)—may have the unintended effect of increasing earnings variance by increasing the sensitivity of profit to changes in demand

Dream capitalism

John Tomasi’s Free Market Fairness represents an heroic attempt to bridge the gap between Rawlsian ‘high liberals’ and the advocates of classical liberalism/contemporary libertarianism. I argue that Tomasi’s project fails, above all because it cannot give a compelling account of contemporary (American) capitalism or of its capacity to deliver free market fairness

Strategic Directions in Supermarket Deli/Prepared Foods

A.E. Res. 90-1

FARS2 mutations presenting with pure spastic paraplegia and lesions of the dentate nuclei.

Mutations in FARS2, the gene encoding the mitochondrial phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase (mtPheRS), have been linked to a range of phenotypes including epileptic encephalopathy, developmental delay, and motor dysfunction. We report a 9-year-old boy with novel compound heterozygous variants of FARS2, presenting with a pure spastic paraplegia syndrome associated with bilateral signal abnormalities in the dentate nuclei. Exome sequencing identified a paternal nonsense variant (Q216X) lacking the catalytic core and anticodon-binding regions, and a maternal missense variant (P136H) possessing partial enzymatic activity. This case confirms and expands the phenotype related to FARS2 mutations with regards to clinical presentation and neuroimaging findings

The Effects of Cryotherapy on the Velocity of a Pitched Baseball

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a cold water application of 35 ° to 40°F, between innings, and its effect on the pitching arm through the course of a designated series of throws. Eight male students from the basic physical education classes at South Dakota State University participated in the study conducted over a period of three weeks. All of the individuals involved were administered each of three selected treatments. The data in this study were analyzed in three ways. A t ratio was used to interpret the changes in the average velocity of the pitched ball in the first two innings as compared with the changes in average velocity for the last two innings of a nine inning game. The average changes in velocity over the full nine innings were also computed for each group. Each of the three treatments was administered to all groups and the results were compared to find the average velocity for all inning. If an F ratio was found to be significant, the Duncan\u27s Multiple-Range test was used to determine where the significant difference occurred. As a result of the statistical analysis of the data obtained, the investigator found that the cold water treatment between innings caused a significant decrease in the velocity of the pitched baseball as determined by tests conducted after innings one and two, and after innings eight and nine

Aerospace Toxicology and Microbiology

Toxicology dates to the very earliest history of humanity with various poisons and venom being recognized as a method of hunting or waging war with the earliest documentation in the Evers papyrus (circa 1500 BCE). The Greeks identified specific poisons such as hemlock, a method of state execution, and the Greek word toxos (arrow) became the root of our modern science. The first scientific approach to the understanding of poisons and toxicology was the work during the late middle ages of Paracelsus. He formulated what were then revolutionary views that a specific toxic agent or "toxicon" caused specific dose-related effects. His principles have established the basis of modern pharmacology and toxicology. In 1700, Bernardo Ramazzini published the book De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (The Diseases of Workers) describing specific illnesses associated with certain labor, particularly metal workers exposed to mercury, lead, arsenic, and rock dust. Modern toxicology dates from development of the modern industrial chemical processes, the earliest involving an analytical method for arsenic by Marsh in 1836. Industrial organic chemicals were synthesized in the late 1800 s along with anesthetics and disinfectants. In 1908, Hamilton began the long study of occupational toxicology issues, and by WW I the scientific use of toxicants saw Haber creating war gases and defining time-dosage relationships that are used even today

Interdisciplinarity and insularity in the diffusion of knowledge: an analysis of disciplinary boundaries between philosophy of science and the sciences

Two fundamentally different perspectives on knowledge diffusion dominate debates about academic disciplines. On the one hand, critics of disciplinary research and education have argued that disciplines are isolated silos, within which specialists pursue inward-looking and increasingly narrow research agendas. On the other hand, critics of the silo argument have demonstrated that researchers constantly import and export ideas across disciplinary boundaries. These perspectives have different implications for how knowledge diffuses, how intellectuals gain and lose status within their disciplines, and how intellectual reputations evolve within and across disciplines. We argue that highly general claims about the nature of disciplinary boundaries are counterproductive, and that research on the nature of specific disciplinary boundaries is more useful. To that end, this paper uses a novel publication and citation network dataset and statistical models of citation networks to test hypotheses about the boundaries between philosophy of science and 11 disciplinary clusters. Specifically, we test hypotheses about whether engaging with and being cited by scientific communities outside philosophy of science has an impact on one’s position within philosophy of science. Our results suggest that philosophers of science produce interdisciplinary scholarship, but they tend not to cite work by other philosophers when it is published in journals outside of their discipline. Furthermore, net of other factors, receiving citations from other disciplines has no meaningful impact—positive or negative—on citations within philosophy of science. We conclude by considering this evidence for simultaneous interdisciplinarity and insularity in terms of scientific trading theory and other work on disciplinary boundaries and communication