Performance de l’oxymétrie nocturne dans le diagnostic du Syndrome d’apnées Hypopnées Obstructives du sommeil à Kinshasa

Contexte et objectif. La prise en charge d’un patient avec un syndrome d’apnées hypopnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS) nécessite l’enregistrement du sommeil qui reste très peu accessibilité en Afrique subsaharienne. La présente étude a évalué la performance de l’oxymétrie nocturne dans le diagnostic du SAHOS à Kinshasa. Méthodes. Dans une étude transversale et analytique, tous les patients à risque de SAHOS ont bénéficié d’une oxymétrie nocturne et d’une polygraphie ventilatoire entre juillet 2021 et mars 2022. La sensibilité (Se), la spécificité (Sp) et les valeurs prédictives positive (VPP) et négatives (VPN) de l’oxymétrie nocturne ont été déterminées. La courbe ROC a été rapportée, aire sous la courbe (ASC) calculée, p < 0,05. Résultats. 323 patients ont été inclus (âge moyen de 57,9 ± 13,1 ans avec un sex ratio H/F de 1,5). L’obésité centrale était présente chez 88 %. Le STOP-BANG moyen était de 4,8 ±0,9. Les comorbidités les plus rencontrées étaient l’HTA (58,5%), le diabète sucré (22,6%), la BPCO (9,3%) et l’AVC 2,2%. La Se et Sp étaient respectivement, de 94,4 et 88,9% et ASC à 0, 92. Conclusion. L’oxymétrie nocturne est un examen non invasif d’accès facile ayant une sensibilité et une spécificité élevée dans le diagnostic du SAHOS dans notre milieu. English title: Performance of nocturnal oximetry in the diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome in Kinshasa Context and objective. Management of a patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) needs a sleep recording which is unavailable in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of nocturnal oximetry in the diagnosis of OSAHS in Kinshasa. Methods. In an analytical cross-sectional study, patients at risk of OSAHS underwent nocturnal oximetry and ventilatory polygraphy between July 2021 and March 2022. The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and positive (PPV) and negative (VPN) predictive values of nocturnal oximetry were determined. ROC curve was reported, area under the curve (AUC) calculated, p<0.05. Results. 323 patients were involved (average age of 57.9±13.1 years with a sex ratio M/F of 1.5). Abdominal Obesity was present in 88% of patients. The mean STOPBANG was 4.8 ±0.9. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (58.5%), diabetes mellitus (22.6%), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (9.3%) and stroke 2.2%. The Se and Sp were 94.4 and 88.9% respectively and AUC was 0.92. Conclusion. Nocturnal oximetry is a non-invasive examination of easy access with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of OSAHS in our environment. Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, nocturnal oximetry, ventilatory polygraphy, performance, Kinshas

Impact of Hypertension on the Survival of chronic hemodialysis patients in Kinshasa: A Historical Cohort Study: Impact de l’Hypertension sur la survie des patients hémodialysés chroniques à Kinshasa : Etude de cohorte historique

Context and objective. The relationship between hypertension and mortality among hemodialysis patients remains controversial. This study aimed to identify independent predictors of mortality and assess the impact of hypertension on the survival among Congolese chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods. This historical cohort study concerned Congolese chronic hemodialysis patients followed in two hemodialysis centers in Kinshasa between 2010 and 2013. The end point was survival (time-to-death). Patient and dialysis-related parameters were introduced in the Cox regression to identify independent predictors of mortality. We use Kaplan Meier method to describe survival. Survival curves based on the presence or not of Hypertension were assessed using the Log-Rank test. Results. 191 patients (mean age 52.3±12.3 years; men -68%; hypertensive 85 %), were included. Among them, 88 patients died (46 %) Independent predictors of all-cause mortality were: temporary catheter use [aHR 7.72; 95% CI 1.84-32.45;  p=0.024], low Socioeconomic Status (SES) [aHR 2.57; 95% CI 1.06-6.27; p=0.038], being non-hypertensive [aHR 2.38; 95% CI 1.35-3.04; p=0.003], presence of perdialytic complications [aHR 2.28; 95% CI 1.12-4.66; p=0.024] and non EPO use [aHR 2.23; 95% CI 1.32-3.74; p=0.038]. Compared to non-hypertensive, hypertensive patients had significantly better median survival (4 vs 16 months; Log rank p ≤0.001). Conclusion. Despite the very high mortality in the study population, Congolese chronic hemodialysis hypertensive patients had better survival compared to nonhypertensive patients. This paradox already reported in other studies can be explained by reverse epidemiology. Contexte et objectif. La relation entre l’hypertension et la mortalité chez les patients hémodialysés est très controversée. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’identifier les prédicteurs indépendants de la mortalité en hémodialyse chronique et d’évaluer l’impact de l’hypertension sur la survie des patients congolais hémodialysés. Méthodes. Cette étude de cohorte historique a concerné les patients hémodialysés chroniques congolais traités dans deux centres d’hémodialyse à Kinshasa entre 2010 et 2013. Les courbes de survie de Kaplan Meier basées sur la présence ou non d’hypertension ont été comparées à l’aide du test de Log-Rank. Résultats. 191 patients (âge moyen de 52,3 ± 12,3 ans; hommes 68%; hypertendus 85%) ont été inclus. Parmi eux, 88 étaient décédés (46%). Les prédicteurs indépendants de la mortalité toutes causes confondues étaient les suivants : utilisation de cathéters provisoires [aHR 7,72; IC à 95%: 1,84 à 32,45; p = 0,024], statut socioéconomique faible (SSE) [aHR 2,57; IC à 95% 1,06-6,27; p = 0,038], l’absence d’hypertension artérielle [aHR 2,38; IC 95% 1,35-3,04; p = 0,003], présence de complications per dialytiques [aHR 2,28; IC à 95% 1,12-4,66; p = 0,024] et la non utilisation de l’ EPO [aHR 2,23; IC 95% 1,32-3,74; p =0,08]. Comparés aux patients normotendus, les hypertendus avaient significativement une meilleure survie médiane (4 versus 16 mois ; Log Rank p ≤0,001). Conclusion. Malgré une mortalité très élevée dans la population d’étude, les patients hypertendus congolais en hémodialyse chronique avaient une meilleure survie par rapport aux patients normotendus. Ce paradoxe déjà signalé dans d’autres études peut s’expliquer par l’épidémiologie inverse. &nbsp

Predictors of persistent Anaemia in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: A retrospective cohort study from Goma, the Democratic Republic of Congo

[Background] Anaemia is associated with adverse outcomes including early death in the first year of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study reports on the factors associated with persistent anaemia among HIV-infected patients initiating ART in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). [Methods] We conducted a retrospective cohort study and analyzed data from patients receiving HIV care between January 2004 and December 2012 at two major hospitals in Goma, DR Congo. Haemoglobin concentrations of all patients on ART regimen were obtained prior to and within one year of ART initiation. A logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of persistent anaemia after 12 months of ART. [Results] Of 756 patients, 69% of patients were anaemic (IC95%: 65.7-72.3) at baseline. After 12 months of follow up, there was a 1.2 g/dl average increase of haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001) with differences depending on the therapeutic regimen. Patients who received zidovudine (AZT) gained less than those who did not receive AZT (0.99 g/dl vs 1.33 g/dl; p< 0.001). Among 445 patient who had anaemia at the beginning, 33% (147/445) had the condition resolved. Among patients with anaemia at ART initiation, those who did not receive cotrimoxazole prophylaxis before starting ART(AOR 3.89; 95% CI 2.09-7.25; P < 0.001) and a AZT initial regimen (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.36-3.52; P < 0.001) were significantly at risk of persistent anaemia. [Conclusions] More than two thirds of patients had anaemia at baseline. The AZT-containing regimen and absence of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis before starting ART were associated with persistent anaemia 12 months, after initiation of treatment. Considering the large proportion of patients with persistence of anaemia at 12 months, we suggest that it is necessary to conduct a large study to assess anaemia among HIV-infected patients in Goma

Evolution of parasite density during treatment in the study population.

Evolution of parasite density during treatment in the study population.</p

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Periods and therapeutic doses of artemether during complicated malaria.

Periods and therapeutic doses of artemether during complicated malaria.</p