HedN Game, a Relational Framework for Network Based Cooperation

This paper proposes a new framework for cooperative games based on mathematical relations. Here cooperation is defined as a supportive partnerships represented by a directed network between players (aka hedonic relation). We examine in a specific context, modeled by abstract games how a change of supports induces a modification of strategic interactions between players. Two levels of description are considered: the first one describes the support network formation whereas the second one models the strategic interactions between players. Both are described in a unified formalism, namely CP~game. Stability conditions are stated, emphasizing the connection between these two levels. We also stress the interaction between updates of supports and their impact on the evolution of the context.Cooperative Game, Network, Stability, Hedonic Relation

Mixed cropping of winter wheat and winter peas: a natural nitrogen nutrition management for sustainable production of protein-rich seeds

Produire durablement des graines riches en protéines en optimisant la conduite de la culture associée de pois protéagineux d'hiver et de froment d'hive

Identification of Metabolic Pathways Expressed by Pichia anomala KH6 in the Presence of the Pathogen Botrytis cinerea on Apple: New Possible Targets for Biocontrol Improvement

peer reviewe

Root-emitted volatile organic compounds: can they mediate belowground plant-plant interactions?

Background Aboveground, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that act as chemical signals between neighbouring plants. It is now well documented that VOCs emitted by the roots in the plant rhizosphere also play important ecological roles in the soil ecosystem, notably in plant defence because they are involved in interactions between plants, phytophagous pests and organisms of the third trophic level. The roles played by root-emitted VOCs in between- and within-plant signalling, however, are still poorly documented in the scientific literature. Scope Given that (1) plants release volatile cues mediating plant-plant interactions aboveground, (2) roots can detect the chemical signals originating from their neighbours, and (3) roots release VOCs involved in biotic interactions belowground, the aim of this paper is to discuss the roles of VOCs in between- and within-plant signalling belowground. We also highlight the technical challenges associated with the analysis of root-emitted VOCs and the design of experiments targeting volatile-mediated root-root interactions. Conclusions We conclude that root-root interactions mediated by volatile cues deserve more research attention and that both the analytical tools and methods developed to study the ecological roles played by VOCs in interplant signalling aboveground can be adapted to focus on the roles played by root-emitted VOCs in between- and within-plant signalling

Révolution numérique dans le bâtiment: : analyse des gains escomptés par la diffusion des outils numériques (BIM et maquette numérique) dans le secteur du bâtiment.

Afin de répondre aux grands enjeux du secteur du bâtiment (qualité, productivité, performance énergétique), les acteurs de cette filière misent aujourd’hui sur les technologies de l’information et de la communication. Le BIM («Building Information Modeling»), déjà adopté dans de nombreux pays étrangers, semble un outil très prometteur. Face à cette compétitivité internationale, le gouvernement français s'est emparé du sujet BIM, en créant fin 2014 le Plan de Transition du Numérique dans le Bâtiment (PTNB). Aussi se posent diverses questions afin de permettre le déploiement du BIM à l'échelle nationale. Comment diffuser le BIM en France? Quels sont les gains et freins escomptés par sa diffusion? Quel est le rôle des pouvoirs publics

Evaluation of two protein extraction protocols for Pichia anomala proteome analysis.

Pichia anomala (strain Kh6) was isolated from the surface of apple fruits and selected for its high and reliable biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Its main modes of action have until now been studied using essentially microbiological and molecular approaches. The study continues now using the proteomic approach and considering the in situ P. anomala/B. cinerea/apple interaction. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) is one of the most powerful tools used for proteomic analysis. It combines two sequential separation steps, the first dimension via isoelectric focusing (IEF) and the second one by SDS PAGE. Although recent advances in 2-D PAGE, the extraction of the whole proteome and the removal of interfering contaminants still limit its application. Sample preparation constitutes indeed a critical influential step for IEF which in turn affects 2-D gel quality. The objective of the present work was thus to develop an effective protein extraction protocol designed for 2-D PAGE analysis of the proteome of P. anomala strain Kh6. As a starting point, two contrasting protein extraction protocols were chosen to be evaluated in terms of protein yield and one-dimensional (1-D) SDS PAGE and 2-D PAGE gel patterns. The first protocol uses a urea/thiourea-based lysis buffer whereas the second protocol utilizes a hot SDS-based lysis buffer with an additional precipitation step. The comparison model used consisted of apples treated with strain Kh6 alone (K) and apples first treated with Kh6 and then inoculated with B. cinerea conidia (KB). Growth kinetics of strain Kh6 on wounded apples was determined and found to be not affected by the presence of B. cinerea conidia. Proteins were extracted from yeast pellets collected at both the exponential and stationary phases of strain Kh6 growth on apples. The evaluation of both extraction protocols indicates that more proteins were extracted with the SDS protocol and, according to 1-D assays, higher molecular weight proteins were obtained with the ‘urea/thiourea’ protocol and, regardless of the protocol used, more bands were obtained during the exponential phase. 2-D assays are currently underway and the corresponding results will be presented

Archéologie et espaces (protohistoire, Antiquité)

Jean-Pierre Albert, directeur d’étudesPhilippe Boissinot, maître de conférencesChristine Delaplace, maître de conférences à l’Université Toulouse-II/Le Mirail Continuités et discontinuités culturelles entre anthropologie, archéologie et histoire La première séance a été consacrée à un rappel par les trois organisateurs des acquis des années précédentes, en insistant particulièrement sur le fait que l’identité n’est ni une chose, ni une propriété, mais une relation (d’équivalence). Philippe Bo..

Archéologie et espaces (protohistoire, Antiquité)

Jean-Pierre Albert, directeur d’étudesPhilippe Boissinot, maître de conférencesChristine Delaplace, maître de conférences à l’Université Toulouse-II/Le Mirail Continuités et discontinuités culturelles entre anthropologie, archéologie et histoire La première séance a été consacrée à un rappel par les trois organisateurs des acquis des années précédentes, en insistant particulièrement sur le fait que l’identité n’est ni une chose, ni une propriété, mais une relation (d’équivalence). Philippe Bo..