341 research outputs found
Transformations of agricultural extension services in the EU: Towards a lack of adequate knowledge for small-scale farms
This paper examines the consequences of the transformations of extension services for small scale farms. It presents the results of investigations embedded in regulation theory, which combine a comparative institutional analysis, statistical data processing (national agricultural census) and direct surveys. We describe the transformations in the EU and show that they make it more difficult for small farms to access extension services and to benefit from âfront officeâ support (i.e. direct advice from extensionists). Finally, we emphasize that due to the modification of the knowledge production regime, these small farms may also suffer new specific adverse effects resulting from the re-organization of the "back-office" R&D activities of these extension services (i.e. knowledge base updating, database building, scientific experiments, etc.).Agricultural extension services, Small-scale farms, Institutional Analysis, Europe, Knowledge, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Q16, Q12, B52, P51, D83,
Empirical validity of the evaluation of public policies: models of evaluation and quality of evidence
There is a wide range of evaluation methods. On the basis of which criteria should one method be chosen? On what scientific foundations are the results of numerous evaluations based? How can reliability and empirical validity be tested? The relevance of such questions is heightened in new fields of action such as agri-environmental policy. This paper aims to demonstrate that theoretical advances on level and types of evidence (existence, causality, effectiveness) can help resolve these issues. The main evaluation methods are classified into three main categories, according to their main goal (to learn, measure, understand) and linked to the debate on types of evidence. The analysis is illustrated by comparing evaluation methods in the field of agroenvironmental policies and farm advisory services. Attention is drawn to the shortcomings of each method with respect to corroborating facts as well as existing complementarities and trade-offs between methods in terms of empirical validity.evaluation, evidence, agricultural extension, agri-environment, Agricultural and Food Policy, B49 H83 Q18 Q58,
KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION, MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF AGRICULTURE AND PUBLIC DECISIONS: CRITICAL ISSUES OF CONTEMPORARY CONTROVERSIES
Various theoretical models of public policy analysis are used to treat situations of decision-making in which public deciders have to take into account the multifunctionality of agriculture. For some, science-society relations are not really problematical. Others acknowledge the current attempts of these policy-makers to find adequate scientific knowledge, and the difficulties they encounter. These difficulties stem partly from the very content of knowledge produced by research. Could other modes of production be more efficient? The status of the knowledge produced by these approaches is a subject of debate. Bridging the divide between science and policy more effectively is not only a question of knowledge brokerage. Accessibility and reliability of the existing evidences are also problems to be addressed. The debates around evidence-based practices may provide some landmarks in this new situation although they also emphasize the limits of the tools that can be built for this purpose.Multifunctionality, Agriculture, Knowledge, Policy, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,
Ăditorial
Dans ce numĂ©ro, nous publions des articles issus de communications prĂ©sentĂ©es lors des JournĂ©es de Recherche en Sciences Sociales (JRSS) organisĂ©es conjointement par lâINRA, le CIRAD et la SFER Ă Toulouse les 13 et 14 dĂ©cembre 2012. La composition du numĂ©ro spĂ©cial tĂ©moigne de lâobjectif partagĂ© entre la revue et lâassociation de mettre en visibilitĂ© et en dĂ©bat non seulement la diversitĂ© des enjeux associĂ©s Ă lâagriculture, mais Ă©galement la pluralitĂ© des approches scientifiques et des mĂ©th..
Ăditorial
Dans Ăconomie rurale, 31 articles ont Ă©tĂ© publiĂ©s en 2014. La diversitĂ© des thĂšmes et des approches reflĂšte bien la ligne Ă©ditoriale de la revue de la SociĂ©tĂ© française dâĂ©conomie rurale (SFER), guidĂ©e par une vision pluraliste des recherches françaises sur les transformations Ă©conomiques et sociales de lâagriculture, de lâalimentation et des territoires ruraux. Ainsi, diffĂ©rentes disciplines sont encore prĂ©sentes cette annĂ©e dans la revue : sciences Ă©conomiques (15 articles), sociologie (7 a..
Ăditorial
Ce numĂ©ro qui clĂŽture les publications 2015 dâĂconomie rurale est un numĂ©ro double composĂ© dâarticles portant sur les transformations des filiĂšres agricoles et agroalimentaires. La diversitĂ© dâapproches est fidĂšle Ă la ligne Ă©ditoriale de la revue. Les transformations des filiĂšres sont apprĂ©hendĂ©es Ă partir de revues de la littĂ©rature, dâĂ©tudes de cas originales, portant sur des secteurs peu Ă©tudiĂ©s (par exemple sur la filiĂšre du chĂȘne-liĂšge en Corse, ou les questions logistiques dans la fili..
Ăditorial - Une nouvelle Ă©quipe Ă©ditoriale pour Ăconomie rurale
Comme annoncĂ© dans lâĂ©ditorial du numĂ©ro 333, une nouvelle Ă©quipe est dĂ©sormais en charge de la gestion Ă©ditoriale et de lâanimation scientifique de la revue. Nous tenons Ă remercier Bernard Roux et les membres de lâĂ©quipe prĂ©cĂ©dente pour tout le travail accompli au sein du ComitĂ© de rĂ©daction et du secrĂ©tariat Ă©ditorial. La nouvelle Ă©quipe affiche, dĂšs sa composition, la volontĂ© rĂ©affirmĂ©e de la revue dâembrasser non seulement la diversitĂ© des approches et des champs thĂ©matiques de « lâĂ©cono..
Ăditorial - Une nouvelle Ă©quipe Ă©ditoriale pour Ăconomie rurale
Comme annoncĂ© dans lâĂ©ditorial du numĂ©ro 333, une nouvelle Ă©quipe est dĂ©sormais en charge de la gestion Ă©ditoriale et de lâanimation scientifique de la revue. Nous tenons Ă remercier Bernard Roux et les membres de lâĂ©quipe prĂ©cĂ©dente pour tout le travail accompli au sein du ComitĂ© de rĂ©daction et du secrĂ©tariat Ă©ditorial. La nouvelle Ă©quipe affiche, dĂšs sa composition, la volontĂ© rĂ©affirmĂ©e de la revue dâembrasser non seulement la diversitĂ© des approches et des champs thĂ©matiques de « lâĂ©cono..
Chapitre 17 - ThĂ©orie de la rĂ©gulation et transformations de lâagriculture : nouveaux enjeux, nouvelles perspectives de recherche ?
Les travaux se rĂ©fĂ©rant Ă la thĂ©orie de la rĂ©gulation (TR) ont trĂšs tĂŽt retenu lâĂ©chelle sectorielle comme Ă©chelle pertinente pour illustrer, mieux comprendre ou questionner les transformations et la diversitĂ© des formes du capitalisme (Boyer et Saillard, 1995). Lâagriculture et lâagroalimentaire ont constituĂ© un domaine privilĂ©giĂ© pour dĂ©velopper ces approches sectorielles (Boyer, 1990), contribuant notamment Ă lâĂ©tablissement du concept de rĂ©gime de fonct..
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