15 research outputs found
Wp艂yw temperatury na skuteczno艣膰 oczyszczania 艂ugu sodowego po procesie mycia w systemie CIP naczy艅 warzelniczych i drogi brzeczki
The paper presents the results of analysis concerning the impact of temperature on sedimentation in the caustic soda solution that constitute a contamination after the process of cleaning utensils and pipes for hopped wort transport in the brewery. The solution was collected from the production plant after the process of cleaning and subjected to 12-hour sedimentation and changes of the solid particles participation, their size and percentage share in the solution was determined. The study was carried out with the Shadow Sizing method. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and the surface area of the response of the relation between the time and temperature of sedimentation and the number of particles which stay in the solution was calculated. The research results proved that the temperature significantly affects the cleaning degree of solutions by sedimentation and its duration. After sedimentation in solutions, particles with the surface area from 0.001-0.003 mm2 remain. Those particles are not subject to sedimentation and constitute a coloidal suspension in the solution.Przedstawiono wyniki analiz dotycz膮ce wp艂ywu temperatury na sedymentacj臋 osad贸w w roztworze wodorotlenku sodu stanowi膮cych zanieczyszczenie po procesie mycia naczy艅 i przewod贸w do transportu brzeczki w warzelni zak艂adu piwowarskiego. Roztw贸r pobierano z zak艂adu produkcyjnego po procesie mycia i poddawano 12 godzinnej sedymentacji oznaczaj膮c zmiany udzia艂u cz膮stek sta艂ych, ich wielko艣膰 i procentowy udzia艂 w roztworze. Badania prowadzono metod膮 Shadow Sizing. Wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej wyznaczaj膮c powierzchni臋 odpowiedzi zale偶no艣ci mi臋dzy czasem i temperatur膮 sedymentacji a ilo艣ci膮 cz膮stek pozostaj膮cych w roztworze. Wyniki bada艅 wykaza艂y, 偶e temperatura w spos贸b istotny wp艂ywa na stopie艅 oczyszczania roztwor贸w przez sedymentacj臋 oraz na czas, w jakim to nast臋puje. W roztworach po sedymentacji pozostaj膮 cz膮stki o powierzchni od 0,001-0,003 mm2 . Cz膮stki te nie ulegaj膮 sedymentacji i stanowi膮 koloidaln膮 zawiesin臋 w roztworze
M臋tno艣膰 i ilo艣膰 cz膮stek osad贸w w czasie regeneracji chemicznych roztwor贸w po procesie mycia urz膮dze艅 browarniczych w systemie CIP
The paper presents results of analysis of turbidity changes in washing
solutions and the quantity of solid particles present in them during
regeneration under various temperature conditions. Three solutions
taken from breweries after the process of washing brewhouse equipment
in the CIP system were evaluated. The results were subjected to
statistical analysis, to define the functions that characterize the changes
of the tested parameters in relation to time and temperature. The
results showed that the tested solutions have different favourable
conditions for their regeneration. It has also been shown that the
character of changes in solutions in the regeneration process is more
advantageously determined on the basis of turbidity tests of solutions.W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki analiz zmian m臋tno艣ci roztwor贸w myj膮cych oraz ilo艣ci obecnych w nich cz膮stek osad贸w sta艂ych w czasie regeneracji w r贸偶nych warunkach temperaturowych. Ocenie poddano trzy roztwory pobierane z browar贸w po procesie mycia urz膮dze艅 warzelni w systemie CIP. Wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej wyznaczaj膮c funkcje charakteryzuj膮ce zmiany badanych parametr贸w w zale偶no艣ci od czasu i temperatury. Wyniki bada艅 wykaza艂y, 偶e badane roztwory posiadaj膮 odmiennie korzystne warunki ich regeneracji. Wykazano r贸wnie偶, 偶e charakter zachodz膮cych zmian w roztworach w procesie ich regeneracji korzystniej jest okre艣la膰 na podstawie pomiaru m臋tno艣ci roztwor贸w
Influence of time and the cleaning liquid flow velocity on the effectiveness of cleaning the plate heat exchanger
W pracy podj臋to pr贸b臋 wyprowadzenia funkcji stopnia umycia p艂yt wymiennika ciep艂a w funkcji czasu i 艣redniej obliczeniowej pr臋dko艣ci przep艂ywu w szczelinie mi臋dzy p艂ytami. Funkcj臋 t膮 zaproponowano na podstawie analizy i aproksymacji wynik贸w bada艅 do艣wiadczalnych. Z przeprowadzonych bada艅 wynika, 偶e proces mycia mo偶na opisa膰 r贸wnaniem r贸偶niczkowym, pierwszorz臋dowym, kt贸rego rozwi膮zaniem jest funkcja wyk艂adnicza asymptotyczna. Zaproponowana funkcja, przyjmuje posta膰, w kt贸rej zar贸wno k膮t nachylenia jak i asymptota zale偶膮 od pr臋dko艣ci przep艂ywu.The study presents the attempt to introduce the function of the degree of cleaning the plate heat exchanger as a function of time and average computational velocity between the heat plates. This function was suggested based on the analysis and approximation of experimental results. The research has shown that the cleaning process can be described by differential primary equation, the solution of which is a asymptotic exponential function. The suggested function assumes the form, in which both the tilt angle and the asymptote depend on the flow velocity
Assessment of washing efficiency in the closed circulation of the selected area in plate heat exchangers
Praca nawi膮zuje do problemu utrzymania higieny w p艂ytowych wymiennikach ciep艂a dzia艂aj膮cych jako pasteryzatory mleka. Przedstawiono w niej metod臋 mycia wymiennik贸w, czynniki warunkuj膮ce skuteczno艣膰 tego zabiegu oraz wskazano problemy zwi膮zane z niedomywaniem powierzchni p艂yt. Podstawowym celem prowadzonych analiz by艂o wskazanie obszar贸w na p艂ycie oraz p艂yt w wymienniku, kt贸re myj膮 si臋 najtrudniej. Ocen臋 stopnia umycia p艂ytowego wymiennika ciep艂a zr贸偶nicowano dodatkowo o kierunki przep艂ywu cieczy myj膮cej. Badania przeprowadzono w spos贸b eksperymentalny na wymienniku ciep艂a, kt贸ry w艂膮czono w obieg mycia do laboratoryjnej stacji CIP. Mycie nast臋powa艂o w 20 r贸偶nych programach, r贸偶ni膮cych si臋 mi臋dzy sob膮 warunkami mycia, i powtarzane by艂o trzykrotnie. Stopie艅 czysto艣ci p艂yt okre艣lano testami wymazowymi Pro-Clean. Ocenie podlega艂y wszystkie p艂yty w wymienniku w pi臋ciu wybranych na nich obszarach. Uzyskane wyniki, przy standardowo stosowanych poziomach istotno艣ci 伪=0,01 i 伪=0,05, r贸偶ni艂y si臋 mi臋dzy sob膮 w spos贸b istotny.The paper is related to the issue of maintaining cleanliness in plate heat exchangers operating as milk pasteurizers. A washing method of exchangers, factors of efficiency of this treatment and issues related to not complete washing of the plates surface were presented. The basic objective of the analyses which were carried out was to indicate areas on the plate and plates in the exchanger, which are the most difficult for washing. The cleanliness degree of the plate heat exchanger was additionally varied with the flow directions of the washing liquid. The research was carried out experimentally on the heat exchanger, which was joined to the washing circulation to the laboratory station CIP. Washing took place in 20 different programmes which differed between them with washing conditions and was repeated three times. Cleanliness degree of plates was determined with Pro-Clean smear test. All plates in the exchanger in five selected areas were subjected to evaluation. The obtained results, at the conventionally used significance levels 伪=0.01 and 伪=0.05, differed between each other significantly
Electrical energy aspects and cleanliness in the cleaning process in cip system a plate heat exchanger
W pracy zaprezentowanej w artykule podj臋to pr贸b臋 okre艣lenia
zale偶no艣ci pomi臋dzy skuteczno艣ci膮 mycia p艂yt p艂ytowego
wymiennika ciep艂a a ilo艣ci膮 energii elektrycznej potrzebn膮
do przeprowadzenia procesu. Uzyskane wyniki przedstawiono
w postaci graficznej wyznaczaj膮c korzystne i niekorzystne
warunki mycia w aspekcie energetycznym.The paper attempts to define the relationship between the degree
of cleaning plates the heat exchanger and the amount of
energy needed to carry out the process. The results in graphical
form, determining positive and negative conditions for
cleaning in the aspect of energy consumed was shown at the
figures
Numerical analysis of fluid flow between the plates of the plate heat exchanger
Praca obejmuje analiz臋 rozk艂adu pr臋dko艣ci przep艂ywu cieczy w p艂ytowym wymienniku ciep艂a. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o obliczenia numeryczne metod膮 obj臋to艣ci sko艅czonych (FVM), w 艣rodowisku ANSYS CFX, na kt贸rych podstawie wykre艣lono rozk艂ady pr臋dko艣ci przep艂ywu w poszczeg贸lnych parach p艂ytowych wymiennika oraz krzywe obrazuj膮ce pr臋dko艣膰 przep艂ywu w poszczeg贸lnych obszarach przestrzeni mi臋dzyp艂ytowej. Model obliczeniowy stanowi艂 wymiennik zbudowany z pi臋ciu par p艂ytowych, kt贸re uproszczono do p艂yt p艂askich. Na podstawie uzyskanych rozk艂ad贸w pr臋dko艣ci stwierdzono, 偶e najmniejsze warto艣ci pr臋dko艣ci przep艂ywu w p艂askich p艂ytach wyst臋puj膮 w osi symetrii ka偶dej kolejnej p艂yty oraz w jej prawym g贸rnym i dolnym naro偶u, usytuowanym przeciwlegle do otworu odprowadzaj膮cego ciecz z przestrzeni mi臋dzyp艂ytowej. Uzyskane wyniki stanowi膮 cz臋艣膰 bada艅 dotycz膮cych identyfikacji miejsc instalacji produkcyjnych niedomywanych w trakcie mycia w przep艂ywie.The paper covers analysis of distribution of liquid flow speed in the plate heat exchanger. The research was carried out based on numerical calculations with the final methods volume (FVM) in ANSYS SFX environment, on the basis of which distributions of flow speed were determined in particular plate pairs of the exchanger and curves which picture the flow speed in particular areas of space between plates. An exchanger made of five pairs of plates, which were simplified to flat plates constituted a calculation model. On the basis of the obtained distributions of speed it was found that the lowest values of flow speed in flat plates occur in the symmetry axis of each subsequent plate and in its right and bottom corner located oppositely to the opening, which diverts liquid from the space between plates. The obtained results constitute a part of research concerning identification of production installations spots which are not washed enough during washing in the flow
Measurement of the cleaning liquid parameters during the process of cleaning the plate heat exchangers
W pracy monitorowano proces mycia pod wzgl臋dem zmian pH, przewodno艣ci i m臋tno艣ci cieczy. Badania wykonano na laboratoryjnej stacji mycia CIP. Na podstawie zmian mierzonych warto艣ci podj臋to pr贸b臋 okre艣lenia minimalnego czasu przep艂ywu wody przez p艂ytowy wymiennik ciep艂a w celu wyp艂ukania najgrubszych zanieczyszcze艅. Elementem badawczym by艂 p艂ytowy wymiennik ciep艂a, kt贸rego p艂yty brudzono mlekiem i montowano w uk艂ad przep艂ywowy. Za pomoc膮 test贸w wymazowych Clean-Trace firmy BioTrace, sprawdzono skuteczno艣膰 mycia w za艂o偶onych warunkach. Na podstawie uzyskanych wynik贸w bada艅 dotycz膮cych skuteczno艣ci mycia wskazano kilka obszar贸w na p艂ycie, kt贸re s膮 najtrudniejsze do umycia w przep艂ywie oraz te kt贸re myj膮 si臋 naj艂atwiej.The study monitored the cleaning process in terms of changes in pH, conductivity and turbidity of the cleaning liquid. The study was performed in a laboratory CIP station. On the basis of the changes of the measured values the minimum duration of water flow through the plate heat exchanger was evaluated in order to rinse impurities. The plate heat exchanger, which was soiled in milk and assembled in the flow system, constituted the test element. The efficiency of cleaning in the assumed conditions was verified by Clean-Trace swab tests, produced by BioTrace company. On the basis of the obtained results concerning the efficiency of cleaning, several areas on the plate, whichare the most difficult to clean in the flow, and the ones that are easiest to clean were indicated
Confocal laser scanning microscopy used for assessment of microstructure of milk fouling formed during high-heat milk treatment
W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia zwi膮zane z powstawaniem zanieczyszcze艅 mlekowych pod wp艂ywem wysoko temperaturowej obr贸bki mleka. Ocenie poddano trzy p艂ytki ze stali nierdzewnej o r贸偶nej chropowato艣ci, zanieczyszczone gor膮cym mlekiem. Do oceny mikrostruktury powstaj膮cych osad贸w wykorzystano laserowy mikroskop pomiarowy LEXT OLS4000 firmy Olympus. Analiza uzyskanych danych pomiarowych prowadzona by艂a w 艣rodowisku TalyMap Platinum 4.0. Uzyskane wyniki bada艅 pozwoli艂y okre艣li膰 r贸偶nice w ilo艣ci i budowie tworz膮cych si臋 osadach mlekowych w zale偶no艣ci od wyko艅czenia powierzchni ze stali nierdzewnej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych bada艅 stwierdzono, 偶e pomiar technik膮 LSCM mo偶e by膰 z powodzeniem wykorzystany do analiz zanieczyszcze艅 powstaj膮cych w procesach przetw贸rstwa 偶ywno艣ci.Formation of fouling during milk heat treatment in dairy industries is still a serious problem both technically and economically. The paper presents the issues related to the formation of milk fouling. Three types of plates of different roughness, contaminated by hot milk were used in the study. The microstructure of impurities was evaluated by the LCSM method, using the laser scanning confocal microscope Olympus LEXT OLS4000. Digital image creation and image analysis were performed using Software TalyMap Platinum 4.0. The results were helpful in determining the quantity and microstructure of milk fouling created on plates depending on the finishing surface. The results showed that the increase in the surface roughness caused the increase in the amount of deposits formed on them. The analyses of the LSCM results also indicate the forming of a few layers of deposits during milk heat treatment. They may be important in the cleaning process. On the basis of the investigation results it can be stated that the measurement technique LSCM is useful for evaluation of impurities built up on surfaces of equipments during food production
Simulation tests of liquid flow in the pipeline elements
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 dotycz膮ce wykorzystania komercyjnych aplikacji komputerowych stosowanych do oblicze艅 w mechanice p艂yn贸w. Za pomoc膮 numerycznych metod CFD, w wybranych elementach instalacji rurowych, przedstawiono rozk艂ady ci艣nienia, pr臋dko艣ci i napr臋偶e艅 艣cinaj膮cych na ich 艣cianach i poddano je analizie w aspekcie warunk贸w mycia w systemie CIP (czyszczenie na miejscu). Przeprowadzone badania stanowi膮 cze艣膰 bada艅 dotycz膮cych warunk贸w mycia instalacji produkcyjnych finansowanych w ramach grantu badawczego. Uzyskane wyniki bada艅 maj膮 charakter interdyscyplinarny, natomiast ich interpretacja w odniesieniu do warunk贸w mycia potwierdza s艂uszno艣膰 stosowania metod CFD do prognozowania i higienicznego modelowania urz膮dze艅 przemys艂u spo偶ywczego.The paper presents research results concerning the use of commercial software used for calculations in the fluid mechanics. With the use of numerical methods of CFD in the selected elements of pipe installations, pressure, speed and shear stress distribution on their walls were presented and analysed in the aspect of cleaning conditions in the CIP system. The tests which were carried out constitute part of the tests concerning conditions of cleaning installations of production installations financed from the research subsidy. The obtained research results have an interdisciplinary character whereas their interpretation with reference to the cleaning conditions confirms rightness of using the CFD method for forecasting and hygienic modelling of food industry devices
Numerical studies of fluid flow in flat, narrow-gap channels simulating plate heat exchanger
The aim of this work was to present the numerical simulation results determining the distributions of flow velocity and pressure in the individual channels of a plate heat exchanger. The simulations have been conducted by means of the Finite Volume Method (FVM) of numerical computation using the ANSYS CFX software. The computational model constituted spaces between 10 flat, straight flow type plates of the heat exchanger. The obtained results of numerical simulations confirm the presence of inhomogeneous flow conditions in the neighbouring channels between the plates. The computations enabled to point out the regions on the plates, in which insufficient flow can result in problems with their cleaning. The results of this work constitute the first part of a research leading to an assessment of cleaning conditions in plate heat exchangers