Effect of CH4_{4} addition on excess electron mobility in liquid Kr

The excess electrons mobility $\mu$ has been measured recently in liquid mixtures of Kr and CH$_{4}$ as a function of the electric field up to $E\approx 10^{4} V/cm$ and of the CH$_{4}$ concentration $x$ up to $x \approx 10$ at temperatures $T\approx 130 K,$ fairly close to the normal boiling point of Kr $(T_{b}\approx 120 K)$(folegani). We present here new data which extend the previous set in the region of low electric field. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of a kinetic model previously proposed to explain the concentration dependent behavior of $\mu$ in liquid Ar--Kr and Ar--Xe mixtures. The main result is that CH$_{4}$ is more effective in enhancing energy--transfer rather than momentum--transfer in comparison with mixtures of liquified noble gases. The field dependence of $\mu$ is quite complicate. In particular, at intermediate values of the field, there appears to be a crossover between two different electric--field dependent behaviors of $\mu.$ The electric field strength at crossover is well correlated with the concentration of CH$_{4}.$ This fact suggests that different excitations of the molecular solute might be involved in the momentum-- and energy--transfer processes for different values of the mean electron energy.Comment: 17, pages,7 figures, RevTeX4, submitted to J.Chem.Phy

Electron drift velocity measurements in liquid krypton–methane mixtures

Abstract Electron drift velocities have been measured in liquid krypton, pure and mixed with methane at different concentrations (1–10% in volume) versus electric field strength, and a possible effect of methane on electron lifetime has been investigated. While no effect on lifetime could be detected, since lifetimes were in all cases longer than what measurable, a very large increase in drift velocity (up to a factor 6) has been measured

Food Coloring Agents and Plant Food Supplements Derived from Vitis vinifera: A New Source of Human Exposure to Ochratoxin A

Grape pomaces are increasingly being used as starting material in the industrial production of plant food supplements (PFS), food coloring, and tartrates, but they are at risk of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. We analyzed 24 commercial PFS and 13 food coloring samples derived from Vitis vinifera, mainly pomaces, using a HPLC−FLD method for OTA determination. OTA was found in 75% of PFS samples and 69% of food coloring samples at levels of <1.16−20.23 μg/kg and <1.16−32.00 μg/kg, respectively. The four commercial leavening agents containing tartrates were found to be negative for OTA. All eight samples collected in two distilleries that use grape pomaces and wine lees to produce tartrates and other byproducts contained OTA at levels of <1.16−240.93 μg/kg. The high incidence of OTA contamination in PFS and food coloring agents derived from V. vinifera suggests that maximum permitted level(s) should be established for this mycotoxin in these products

Performance evaluation of Border irrigation method for cotton field

Performance evaluation of Border irrigation method was carried out for cotton field in village Kirarkot, Sirsa (Haryana). Water application, storage and distribution efficiency were estimated using measurements of soil moisture (%), infiltration rate (cm/hr), water advance and recession time (minute) during different irrigation events. The advance time increased during the growing season due to increased infiltration rate and increased resistance to flow by the growing crops. The water application efficiency of cotton field was 100 per cent as average applied depth (8.26 cm for canal irrigation and 9.06 cm for tubewell irrigation) of irrigation was less than the average required depth (10.30 cm for canal irrigation and 10.98 cm for tubewell irrigation) throughout the field plots. The observed water storage efficiency in different cotton fields varied from 72.92 - 90.08 per cent indicating under irrigation. Water distribution efficiency of cotton fields (97.8 -99.2per cent) indicated a relatively high degree of uniformity of water application. Stratified soil profile (sandy loam: 0-30 cm and sandy clay loam: 30-120 cm) of the selected fields reduced the infiltration rate to relatively very low value after 10-15 minutes creating favourable condition for uniformity of water application under border irrigation

Multiphosphorylation-Dependent Recognition of Anti-pS2 Antibodies against RNA Polymerase II C‑Terminal Domain Revealed by Chemical Synthesis

Phosphorylation is a major constituent of the CTD code, which describes the set of post-translational modifications on 52 repeats of a YSPTSPS consensus heptad that orchestrates the binding of regulatory proteins to the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Phospho-specific antibodies are used to detect CTD phosphorylation patterns. However, their recognition repertoire is underexplored due to limitations in the synthesis of long multiphosphorylated peptides. Herein, we describe the development of a synthesis strategy that provides access to multiphosphorylated CTD peptides in high purity without HPLC purification for immobilization onto microtiter plates. Native chemical ligation was used to assemble 12 heptad repeats in various phosphoforms. The synthesis of >60 CTD peptides, 48–90 amino acids in length and containing up to 6 phosphosites, enabled a detailed and rapid analysis of the binding characteristics of different anti-pSer2 antibodies. The three antibodies tested showed positional selectivity with marked differences in the affinity of the antibodies for pSer2-containing peptides. Furthermore, the length of the phosphopeptides allowed a systematic analysis of the multivalent chelate-type interactions. The absence of multivalency-induced binding enhancements is probably due to the high flexibility of the CTD scaffold. The effect of clustered phosphorylation proved to be more complex. Recognition of pSer2 by anti-pSer2-antibodies can be prevented and, perhaps surprisingly, enhanced by the phosphorylation of “bystander” amino acids in the vicinity. The results have relevance for functional analysis of the CTD in cell biological experiments.392923329 , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659Peer Reviewe

The influence of soft acidic drinks in exposing dentinal tubules after non-surgical periodontal treatment: : a SEM investigation on the protective effects of oxalate-containing phytocomplex

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the different smear layer morphologies produced by instrumentation with a hand curette and a periodontal sonic scaler for potential removal by soft acidic solution. The effect of a new oxalate-containing phytocomplex spray in preventing tubules exposure after citric acid solution application was also evaluated. Methods: Thirty recently extracted human teeth were used to obtain root dentinal fragments and divided in two groups: Curette treatment (CRT) root planed applying 30 working strokes to each surface using a Gracey?s curette 5-6 and Ultrasonic scaler (USC) treated using a periodontal scaler mounted on an ultrasonic hand-piece for 30 seconds. Each principal group was further divided in three sub-groups (Control, Acid challenge and Acid/Phyto-oxalate). The control group samples were immersed in distilled water buffered to pH 7.4 using NH4 OH solution. The samples of the acid challenge group were immersed in a solution of citric acid 0,02M; [pH 2.5] for 3 minutes. The samples of the Acid/Phyto-oxalate group were sprayed for 15 sec with a 1.5% phytocomplex spray prior to immersion. Samples were examined using SEM. Results: Ultrasonic instrumentation created a very thin smear layer whereas curettes produced a multilayered smear layer. The acidic solution was able to remove the smear layer from root surfaces treated with ultrasonic instrumentation exposing the dentinal tubules. The smear layer on the root surfaces treated with hand instruments was not completely removed. The phytocomplex solution was able to prevent dentinal tubule exposure. Conclusions: Acidic soft drinks are able to remove the smear layer created on root surfaces during different non-surgical periodontally treatments. The smear plugs created by hand instrumentation appeared to be more resistant to acid attack. The tested phytocomplex solution protected the dentine from demineralization and it might prevent post-treatment dentinal hypersensitivity induced by acidic soft drinks

Identification of predatory arthropods of the invasive Halyomorpha halys through molecular gut content analysis

Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) is an invasive agricultural pest in North America and Europe. Most of the information on H. halys predators in invaded areas comes from North America. This work focused on the molecular identification of arthropod predator species capable of feeding on H. halys in northern Italy. Predatory arthropods were collected in the field in four urban parks using the tree-beating technique. A real-time PCR workflow was applied to detect H. halys DNA from the gut content of predators. Of the 190 predator individuals analysed, 46 were positive for H. halys DNA and belonged to 10 insect taxa (1 Dermaptera, 3 Coleoptera, 2 Hemiptera and 4 Orthoptera) and six arachnid taxa (2 Opiliones and 6 Araneae). The integration of gut content analysis with laboratory bioassays and field observations allows the identification of a greater number of predators and therefore a better understanding of how the invaded ecosystem is responding to the introduction of a new species, given that samples are taken from the invaded environment itself. Therefore, the gut content analysis provides essential elements for conservation biocontrol in integrated pest management programmes

(2-Aminobenzothiazole)-Methyl-1,1-bisphosphonic acids: Targeting matrix metalloproteinase 13 inhibition to the bone

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of secreted and membrane-bound enzymes, of which 24 isoforms are known in humans. These enzymes degrade the proteins of the extracellular matrix and play a role of utmost importance in the physiological remodeling of all tissues. However, certain MMPs, such as MMP-2, -9, and -13, can be overexpressed in pathological states, including cancer and metastasis. Consequently, the development of MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) has been explored for a long time as a strategy to prevent and hinder metastatic growth, but the important side effects linked to promiscuous inhibition of MMPs prevented the clinical use of MMPIs. Therefore, several strategies were proposed to improve the therapeutic profile of this pharmaceutical class, including improved selectivity toward specific MMP isoforms and targeting of specific organs and tissues. Combining both approaches, we conducted the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a series of (2-aminobenzothiazole)-methyl-1,1-bisphosphonic acids active as selective inhibitors of MMP-13 via in vitro and in silico studies, which could prove useful for the treatment of bone metastases thanks to the bone-targeting capabilities granted by the bisphosphonic acid group

The species identification problem in mirids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) highlighted by DNA barcoding and species delimitation studies

Due to the difficulties associated with detecting and correctly identifying mirids, developing an accurate species identification approach is crucial, especially for potential harmful species. Accurate identification is often hampered by inadequate morphological key characters, invalid and/or outdated systematics, and biases in the molecular data available in public databases. This study aimed to verify whether molecular characterization (i.e. DNA barcoding) is able to identify mirid species of economic relevance and if species delimitation approaches are reliable tools for species discrimination. Cytochrome c oxydase 1 (cox1) data from public genetic databases were compared with new data obtained from mirids sampled in different Italian localities, including an old specimen from private collection, showing contrasting results. Based on the DNA barcoding approach, for the genus Orthops, all sequences were unambiguously assigned to the same species, while in Adelphocoris, Lygus and Trigonotylus there were over-descriptions and/or misidentifications of species. On the other hand, in Polymerus and Deraeocoris there was an underestimation of the taxonomic diversity. The present study highlighted an important methodological problem: DNA barcoding can be a good tool for pest identification and discrimination, but the taxonomic unreliability of public DNA databases can make this method useless or even misleading

naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome in a 22 month old child presenting with multiple basal cell carcinomas and a fetal rhabdomyoma

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