Besides navigation accuracy: Gender differences in strategy selection and level of spatial confidence

A virtual version of the reorientation task was employed to test new behavioral measures of navigation strategies and spatial confidence within a gender-fair assessment approach. The results demonstrated that, from a behavioral point of view, women had lower level of spatial confidence than men regardless of level of accuracy. Moreover, the way men and women selected spatial strategies depended on the arrangement of spatial cues within the environment. In other terms women relied on landmarks under specific conditions compatible with an adaptive combination/associative model of spatial orientation. Finally, the present study emphasized the importance to assess gender differences taking into account specific affective variables and information selection processing, beyond accuracy

Predittori del Dropout nella Terapia Cognitivo- Comportamentale dei giocatori d’azzardo. Una revisione della letteratura

Aim: this review aims to identify the variables predicting dropout in the treatment of Pathological Gambling (GAP). Materials and Methods: the review identified and collected from the main international databases, 14 studies from 2007 to 2013 involving gamblers undergoing cognitive-behavioral treatment. Results: the mean rate of treatment dropout was found at 36.5%. Variables considered in the various studies as predicting dropout were: sociodemographic and psychological characteristics related to gambling and treatment. The most significant variables in predicting dropout were found to be the psychological variables (i.e. impulsivity, sensitivity to punishment, lack in executive functions). Conclusion: this review emphasizes the role of individual differences on therapeutic outcome and suggests to adopt a clear definition of predictors in order to improve therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the risk of dropou