Enantioselective transformation of fluoxetine in water and its ecotoxicological relevance

European legislation focusing on water quality is expected to broaden to encompass several pharmaceuticals as priority hazardous substances. This manuscript aims to challenge current regulatory approaches that do not recognize stereochemistry of chiral pharmaceuticals by testing the hypothesis that environmental transformation and effects of chiral pharmaceuticals are stereoselective. Our experiments revealed that, while degradation of chiral fluoxetine (FL) in river water occurs via nonenantioselective photochemical and mildly-enantioselective microbial processes favoring the (R)-enantiomer, a pronounced enantioselectivity favoring (S)-FL (leading to the formation of (S)-NFL (norfluoxetine)) is observed during activated sludge treatment. Toxicity tests proved strong enantiomerspecific toxicity in the case of Tetrahymena thermophila, protozoa that are utilized during activated sludge treatment ((R)-FL is 30× more toxic than (S)-FL; (S)-NFL is 10× more toxic than (S)-FL). This is of paramount importance as preferential degradation of (S)-FL in activated sludge microcosms leads to the enrichment of FL with 30× more toxic (R)-FL and formation of 10× more toxic (S)-NFL. It is commonly assumed that a decreased concentration of FL leads to decreased biological impact. Our study proves that despite the overall decrease in FL concentration, accumulation of toxic (R)-FL and formation of toxic (S)-NFL leads to much higher than presumed toxicological effects

Sistema experto para la definición de umbrales adaptivos en procedimientos de mantenimiento en transmisión eléctrica

In the work the design of a connectionist expert system is realized, which uses tools of the artificial intelligence that allow the decision making for the establishment of adaptive thresholds as classifiers of the type of maintenance to be used. For the selection of a maintenance in electrical systems in general, parameters and conditions are taken into account that facilitate an adequate selection of the maintenance to be applied, for that reason the incidences of a failure, are limited in selection ranges of a maintenance for each incidence ; From 0 - 0.49 preventive maintenance is considered, taking into account the technology of the material to be used, the experience acquired by the personnel in charge of maintenance and considering the presence of a passive hot spot in all the electrical installations in full operation; Of 0.5 -0.69 is considered a predictive maintenance, with presence of an active hot spot, in this maintenance an additional range of 0.7 - 0.79 is considered considering a proactive maintenance due to the possibility of some failure, Of 0.8 - 1.0 is considered a corrective maintenance, for the equipment change. It builds the system starting from the acquisition of the data for the construction of the database, the machine inference expert system based on the operators' expertise and the human machine interface in a comfortable, friendly and reliable manner. The results are displayed on the computer screen, and the connection system database is available for other applications. Index Terms— artificial intelligence, expert system, failures, maintenance, classifiers

Empleo de la teoría multiagentes en la gerencia del trabajo inmótico en la UTM.

The work is based on the application of agents software theory to improve the supervisory system of installa-tions. It uses the theory of BDI architecture (Beliefs – Desires - Intentions) for agents programming. Also was used the UML (Unified Modelling Language) for designing the actions of agents and their interaction with the surrounding environment. Furthermore is employed in Supervisory System development in Siemens WinCC flexible package programming, through which facilitate communications with PLCs and the process for obtain-ing the variables to modify in the system for different operating conditions with the help of intelligent agents. Later this created system was used to record the behaviour of the system to different input signals and disturb-ances. The importance of this work deal with the introduction of intelligent agents in supervisory systems opens the door to integration of new IT developments. Index Terms— Agentes inteligentes, sistemas multiagentes, control y supervisión, renewable energ

Empleo del software Sunny Design Web con vistas a dimensionar el sistema conectado a Red en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí

La energía eléctrica generada a partir de fuentes de energía renovables presenta la ventaja de brindar una autosuficiencia que no solo conduce a una mejora del medio ambiente sino también incrementa la rentabilidad de una instalación. Siendo conscientes de estas ventajas, este trabajo investigativo se orientó al estudio energético y económico de un proyecto que, a partir de fuentes renovables de energía en el esquema de generación distribuida, es decir se realizó el dimensionamiento de una Unidad de Producción de Autoconsumo (UPAC) para la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM). Además, se realizó una evaluación energética para encontrar oportunidades de racionalización de consumos de energía; como caso práctico el sistema de iluminación pública del campus universitario. En este caso específico se realiza el análisis con el empleo del software Sunny Design Web, brindándose los resultados alcanzados

Trascendencia de la generación distribuida (GD) y el uso de las redes inteligentes.

  El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los impactos que están causando los combustibles fósiles al ambiente, e incorporar las nuevas fuentes de energías renovables y optar por la generación distribuida GD, ya que el exorbitante crecimiento demográfico ha incitado a generar más energía eléctrica. De igual manera integrar ciertas tecnologías como las redes inteligentes o Smart grids, permitiendo las comunicaciones remotas bidireccionales y disponibles continuamente para la recopilación de información. Finalmente dar el gran paso hacia las ciudades inteligentes, sostenibles, y el internet del futuro.   Palabras claves— ciudades del futuro, energías renovables, fuentes de energía fósiles, generación distribuida (GD), internet del futuro, redes inteligentes.   Abstract   The aim of this paper is to present the impacts that fossil fuels are causing to the environment, add new sources of renewable energy and distributed generation choose GD, since excessive population growth has led to generate more electricity. Similarly integrate certain technologies such as smart grid and Smart grids, enabling remote communications two-way and available continuously for the collection of information. Finally give the big step towards smart, sustainable cities, and the internet of the future.   Index Terms— cities of the future, renewable energy, fossil energy sources, distributed generation (GD), internet of the future, smart grids.&nbsp

Enantioselective transformation of fluoxetine in water and its ecotoxicological relevance

European legislation focusing on water quality is expected to broaden to encompass several pharmaceuticals as priority hazardous substances. This manuscript aims to challenge current regulatory approaches that do not recognize stereochemistry of chiral pharmaceuticals by testing the hypothesis that environmental transformation and effects of chiral pharmaceuticals are stereoselective. Our experiments revealed that, while degradation of chiral fluoxetine (FL) in river water occurs via non-enantioselective photochemical and mildly-enantioselective microbial processes favoring the (R)-enantiomer, a pronounced enantioselectivity favoring (S)-FL (leading to the formation of (S)-NFL (norfluoxetine)) is observed during activated sludge treatment. Toxicity tests proved strong enantiomer-specific toxicity in the case of Tetrahymena thermophila, protozoa that are utilized during activated sludge treatment ((R)-FL is 30× more toxic than (S)-FL; (S)-NFL is 10× more toxic than (S)-FL). This is of paramount importance as preferential degradation of (S)-FL in activated sludge microcosms leads to the enrichment of FL with 30× more toxic (R)-FL and formation of 10× more toxic (S)-NFL. It is commonly assumed that a decreased concentration of FL leads to decreased biological impact. Our study proves that despite the overall decrease in FL concentration, accumulation of toxic (R)-FL and formation of toxic (S)-NFL leads to much higher than presumed toxicological effects

Dimensionamiento de un sistema de autoconsumo conectado a red en la universidad técnica de Manabí-Ecuador

Hoy en día somos totalmente dependientes de los combustibles fósiles en todos los aspectos; por ello fomentar el uso y aplicación de las energías renovables y eficiencia energética son la mejor manera de reducir el daño provocado al planeta, frenando los efectos que ocurrirán en el futuro. La energía eléctrica generada a partir de fuentes de energía renovables presenta la ventaja de brindar una autosuficiencia que no solo conduce a una mejora del medio ambiente sino también incrementa la rentabilidad de una instalación, reduciendo los costes de energía y en general aumentando su eficiencia. Siendo conscientes de estas ventajas, este trabajo investigativo se orientó al estudio energético y económico de un proyecto que a partir de fuentes renovables de energía suministre electricidad en el esquema de generación distribuida, es decir se realizó el dimensionamiento de una Unidad de Producción de Autoconsumo (UPAC) para la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM). Además, se realizó una evaluación energética para encontrar oportunidades de racionalización de consumos de energía con la finalidad de proponer no solo la autosuficiencia por Autoconsumo sino también el uso racional de energía

Recovery of uninvolved heavy/light chain pair immunoparesis in newly diagnosed transplant-eligible myeloma patients complements the prognostic value of minimal residual disease detection

Immunoparesis (IP) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients can be measured by classic assessment of immunoglobulin (Ig) levels or by analysis of the uninvolved heavy/light chain pair of the same immunoglobulin (uHLC) by the Hevylite (R) assay. In this study we evaluate the prognostic value of recovery from IP measured by classic total Ig and uHLC assessment in newly diagnosed MM transplant -eligible (NDMM-TE) patients with intensive treatment and its association with minimal residual disease (MRD). Patients were enrolled and treated in the PETHEMA/GEM2012MENOS65 trial and continued in the PETHEMA /GEM2014MAIN trial. Total Ig (IgG, IgA and IgM) and uHLC were analyzed in a central laboratory at diagnosis, after consolidation treatment and after the first year of maintenance. MRD was analyzed by next -generation flow cytometry after consolidation (sensitivity level 2x10 (-6 )). We found no differences in progression -free survival (PFS) between patients who recovered and patients who didn't recover from IP after consolidation when examining classic total Ig and uHLC. However, after the first year of maintenance, in contrast to patients with classic IP, patients with recovery from uHLC IP had longer PFS than patients without recovery, with hazard ratio of 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21-0.81; P =0.008). Multivariate analysis with Cox proportional -hazards re - gression models confirmed recovery from uHLC IP after the first year of maintenance as an independent prognostic factor for PFS, with an increase in C -statistic of 0.05 (95% CI: -0.04 to 0.14; P <0.001) when adding uHLC IP recovery. Moreover, we observed that MRD status and uHLC IP recovery affords complementary information for risk stratification. In conclusion, recov - ery from uHLC IP after 1 year of maintenance is an independent prognostic factor for PFS in NDMM-TE patients who receive intensive treatment. Immune reconstitution, measured as recovery from uHLC IP, provides complementary prognostic information to MRD assessment ( clinicaltrials gov. Identifiers: NCT01916252 and NCT02406144 )

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología