Lagged Duration Dependence in Mixed Proportional Hazard Models

We study the non-parametric identification of a mixed proportional hazard model with lagged duration dependence when data provide multiple outcomes per individual or stratum. We show that the information conveyed by the within strata variation can be exploited to non-parametrically identify lagged duration dependence in more general models than in the literature.identification, parallel data, lagged duration dependence, mixed proportional hazard models, multiple spells

Lagged Duration Dependence in Mixed Proportional Hazard Models

We study the non-parametric identification of a mixed proportional hazard model with lagged duration dependence when data provide multiple outcomes per individual or stratum. We show that the information conveyed by the within strata variation can be exploited to non-parametrically identify lagged duration dependence in more general models than in the literaturelagged duration dependence, mixed proportional hazard models, identification, multiple spells, parallel data

Are Short-Lived Jobs Stepping Stones to Long-Lasting Jobs?

This paper assesses whether short-lived jobs (lasting one quarter or less and involuntarily ending in unemployment) are stepping stones to long-lasting jobs (enduring one year or more) for Belgian long-term unemployed school-leavers. We proceed in two steps. First, we estimate labour market trajectories in a multi-spell duration model that incorporates lagged duration and lagged occurrence dependence. Second, in a simulation we find that (fe)male school-leavers accepting a short-lived job are, within two years, 13.4 (9.5) percentage points more likely to find a long-lasting job than in the counterfactual in which they reject short-lived jobs.event history model, transition data, state dependence, short-lived jobs, stepping stone effect, long-lasting jobs

The Trend over Time of the GenderWage Gap in Italy

We analyse gender wage inequalities in Italy in the mid-1990s and in the mid-2000s. In this period important labour market developments occurred: institutional changes have loosened the use of flexible and atypical contracts; the female employment rates and educational levels have substantially increased. We identify the time trends of different components of the gender wage gap by estimating wage distributions in the presence of covariates and sample selection and by counterfactual microsimulations. We find that women swam against the tide: whilst the trend in female qualifications slightly reduced the gender wage gap, the gender relative trends in the wage structure significantly increased it.gender wage gap;counterfactual distributions;decompositions;hazard function;labour market reforms

Scarring Effects of Remaining Unemployed for Long-Term Unemployed School-Leavers

This study investigates whether and to what extent further unemployment experience for youths who are already long-term unemployed imposes a penalty on subsequent labor market outcomes. We propose a flexible method for analyzing the effect on wages aside of transitions from unemployment and employment within a multivariate duration model that controls for selection on observables and unobservables. We find that prolonging unemployment drastically decreases the chances of finding employment, but hardly affects the quality of subsequent employment. The analysis suggests that negative duration dependence in the job finding rate is induced by negative signaling and not by human capital depreciation.scarring effect of unemployment duration;employment quality;wage in multivariate duration model;selectivity

Scarring Effects of Remaining Unemployed for Long-Term Unemployed School-Leavers

This study investigates whether and to what extent further unemployment experience for youths who are already long-term unemployed imposes a penalty on subsequent labor market outcomes. We propose a flexible method for analyzing the effect on wages aside of transitions from unemployment and employment within a multivariate duration model that controls for selection on observables and unobservables. We find that prolonging unemployment drastically decreases the chances of finding employment, but hardly affects the quality of subsequent employment. The analysis suggests that negative duration dependence in the job finding rate is induced by negative signaling and not by human capital depreciation.scarring effect of unemployment duration, employment quality, wage in multivariate duration model, selectivity

Are Short-Lived Jobs Stepping Stones to Long-Lasting Jobs?

This paper assesses whether short-lived jobs (lasting one quarter or less and involuntarily ending in unemployment) are stepping stones to long-lasting jobs (enduring one year or more) for Belgian long-term unemployed school-leavers. We proceed in two steps. First, we estimate labour market trajectories in a multi-spell duration model that incorporates lagged duration and lagged occurrence dependence. Second, in a simulation we find that (fe)male school-leavers accepting a short-lived job are, within two years, 13.4 (9.5) percentage points more likely to find a long-lasting job than in the counterfactual in which they reject short-lived jobs.event history model;transition data;state dependence;short-lived jobs;stepping stone effect;long-lasting jobs

The Trend over Time of the Gender Wage Gap in Italy

We analyse gender wage inequalities in Italy in the mid-1990s and in the mid-2000s. In this period important labour market developments occurred: institutional changes have loosened the use of flexible and atypical contracts; the female employment rates and educational levels have substantially increased. We identify the time trends of different components of the gender wage gap by estimating wage distributions in the presence of covariates and sample selection and by counterfactual microsimulations. We find that women swam against the tide: whilst the trend in female qualifications slightly reduced the gender wage gap, the gender relative trends in the wage structure significantly increased it.gender wage gap, counterfactual distributions, decompositions, hazard function, labour market reforms

Are Short-Lived Jobs Stepping Stones to Long-Lasting Jobs ?

This paper assesses whether short-lived jobs (lasting one quarter or less and involuntarily ending in unemployment) are stepping stones to long-lastinc jobs (enduring one year or more) for Belgian long-term unemployed school-leavers. We proceed in two steps. First, we estimate labour market trajectories in a multi-spell duration model that incorporates lagged duration and occurrence dependence. Second, we simulate them to find that (fe)male school-leavers accepting a short-lived job are, within two years, 13.4 (9.5) percentage points more likely to find a long-lastng job than in the counterfactual in which they reject short-lived jobs to search longer for more stable positionsEvent history model; transition data; state dependence; short-lived jobs; stepping stone effect; long-lasting jobs

Gender Wage Gap : A Semi-parametric Approach with Sample Selection Correction

Sizeable gender differences in employment rates are observed in many countries. Sample selection into the workforce might therefore be a relevant issue when estimating gender wage gaps. This paper proposes a new semi-parametric estimator of densities in the presence of covariates which incorporates sample selection. We describe a simulation algorithm to implement counterfactual comparisons of densities. The proposed methodology is used to investigate the gender wage gap in Italy. It is found that when sample selection is taken into account gender wage gap widens, especially at the bottom of the wage distribution. Explanations are offered for this empirical finding.gender wage gap, hazard function, sample selection, glass ceiling, sticky floor