Disputes over territory during the national and provincial state conformation. The battle of quera and the demonization of indigenous people

Las categorizaciones utilizadas por las élites y el gobierno sobre los reclamos indígenas acontecidos en las tierras altas jujeñas promediando la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, y que desencadenaron las Batallas del Abra de la Cruz y de Quera, derivaron en una serie de argumentaciones y discursos justificatorios de las acciones que los Estados provincial y nacional desplegaron sobre las poblaciones originarias sublevadas. Esto contribuyó a su sometimiento e incorporación compulsiva al proyecto de nacionalización y homogenización territorial y cultural, acompañando el proceso de configuración de la identidad nacional argentina. Como parte de un proyecto de investigación interdisciplinario titulado Memoria social, identidad y resistencia. La cuestión indígena en la Puna de Jujuy en el proceso de conformación del Estado nación (Campaña de la Puna 1874-1875), nos propusimos analizar el proceso de demonización de los reclamos territoriales indígenas en dicho contexto. A partir del relevamiento de fuentes primarias y secundarias, registramos la utilización de la categoría comunistas aplicada a quienes reclamaban comunitariamente las tierras ancestrales. Este proceso de resignificación que la elite terrateniente hizo del reclamo territorial, asoció los rasgos atribuidos a lo indígena, exótico y peligroso, con la ideología comunal y el contexto político europeo.Fil: Lenton, Diana Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Etnología y Etnografía; ArgentinaFil: Piaggi, Luis Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Seldes, Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: del Valle Salas, Isabel. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentin

Influence of pH of Colloidal Suspension on the Electrical Conductivity of SnO2 thin Films Deposited Via Sol-Gel-Dip-Coating

Tin dioxide (SnO2) thin films are deposited by the dip-coating technique from colloidal suspensions prepared with distinct pH through the sol-gel method. The decrease of the pH contributes to the destruction of an electrical layer adjacent to particles in solution, leading to a high degree of aggregation among these particles due to the generation of cross-linked bonds (Sn-O-Sn) between them. The aggregation affects the electrical properties of films, because the pH variation produces particle with distinct sizes in the film. Undoped samples prepared from pH 6 leads to the highest conductivity among the investigated undoped samples, in agreement with X-ray diffractograms, which indicate higher crystallinity for lower pH. Arrhenius plot evaluated from temperature dependent conductivity data leads to activation energies of the deepest level between 67 to 140 meV, for the films prepared from suspensions with pH 6 to 11. The most probable explanation for this variation in the conductivity and activation energy is related to distinct potential barriers between grains, due to distinct packing caused by cross-linked bonds formed during suspension phase. Characterization of samples lightly doped with Er3+ confirms that acid pH leads to higher conductivity, but the highest conduction takes place at even lower pH when compared to undoped thin films.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Improved electrical transport in lightly Er-doped sol-gel spin-coating SnO2 thin films, processed by photolithography

Sol-gel spin-coating SnO2 thin films were deposited and processed through positive photolithography (liftoff), avoiding surface interaction with gaseous oxygen species and leading to samples with higher stability and data reproducibility, when submitted to electrical characterization. Processing includes: (1) a narrow conduction channel, (2) the assembly of electric contacts by ultrasound soldering, (3) deposition of an insulating layer, preventing the surface contact with atmospheric oxygen, which contributes for reliable measurements and the possibility of measuring SnO2 matrix properties without influence of adsorbed oxygen. Lightly Er-doped SnO2 sample (0.05 at.%), processed by this manner, has allowed the observation of a maximum about 50 K, in the temperature-dependent resistivity curve, which has not been found previously. This result is probably related to the combination of free electron concentration, which grows with temperature, and the grain boundary scattering, which decreases with temperature, and is the dominant mechanism for sol-gel SnO2. The processing also assures a remarkable reproducibility in the decay of photo-induced conductivity, yielding reliability to apply a modeling for the determination of important decay parameters, such as capture energy and grain boundary potential barrier.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Raman and photoluminescence of Er3+-doped SnO2 obtained via the sol-gel technique from solutions with distinct pH

Raman and infrared photoluminescence measurements are carried out for Er3+-doped SnO2 pellets (hard-pressed powders) obtained by the sol-gel technique from colloidal suspensions with distinct pH. Raman data indicate that bulk vibration modes are dominating for neutral pH. When the pH is modified, there is an intensity increase of acoustic surface modes. The evaluation of bulk and crystallite surface vibration modes indicates that the contribution of the bulk decreases for pH above the neutral and decreases even further for acid pH, becoming the surface vibration modes as dominating in this case. Infrared photoluminescence data indicate that the intensity of the emission generated from the I-4(13/2) -> I-4(15/2) transition is strongly dependent on the pH of colloidal suspension, which may broaden the emission peaks due to overlapping of Stark levels. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Informe ampliado: efectos socioeconómicos y culturales de la pandemia COVID-19 y del aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio en los Pueblos Indígenas en Argentina -Segunda etapa, junio 2020-

A partir de la pandemia generada por el COVID-19, con el consiguiente Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) dispuesto a partir del 20/03/2020 y demás acciones implementadas desde el Estado nacional argentino, un conjunto de equipos, instituciones, investigadores, becaries y tesistas de diferentes ámbitos del país, nos agrupamos con el objetivo de elaborar un informe acerca de las consecuencias e impactos socioeconómicos y culturales que atraviesan los pueblos indígenas con los que trabajamos en las regiones Metropolitana, Pampeana, Noroeste, Noreste, Cuyo y Patagonia. En una primera instancia, más de 30 autores, participaron en la elaboración de un informe (1er etapa) presentado el 15 de abril de 20201 . En esta segunda etapa, con más de 100 integrantes de diferentes ámbitos académicos del país, se amplió lo abordado a partir de la actualización y profundización de las problemáticas y situaciones que experimentan un conjunto de diversas comunidades y pueblos originarios –qom, mbya, moqoit, mapuche, guaraní, tupí guaraní, avá guaraní, kolla, diaguita, diaguita-calchaquí, wichí, huarpe, quechua, aymara, nivaclé, tonokote, omaguaca, tastil, günün a küna, comechingón, comechingón-camiare, ocloya, iogys, chané, tapiete, chorote, chulupi, sanavirón, ranquel, wehnayek, atacama, lule, quilmes, mapuche-pehuenches, tehuelches, mapuche-tehuelches, selk‘nam, haush y selk‘nam-haush-.Valdata, Marcela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios Aplicados a Problemáticas Socioculturales. Rosario; Argentin