5 research outputs found

    Sorption and desorption of hazardous organic substances in the water/bottom sediment system

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    Sorpcja zanieczyszcze艅 organicznych wyst臋puj膮cych w wodach rzecznych przez osady denne jest procesem powoduj膮cym kumulacj臋 tych zanieczyszcze艅 w osadach, natomiast desorpcja tych zwi膮zk贸w z osad贸w mo偶e spowodowa膰 wt贸rne zanieczyszczenie w贸d. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 maj膮cych na celu poznanie dynamiki procesu sorpcji zwi膮zk贸w organicznych (pestycydy chloroorganiczne, chlorofenole, polichlorowane bifenyle) w uk艂adzie woda/osady denne pobrane z Wis艂y poni偶ej Krakowa. Badania przeprowadzono w trzech etapach. W pierwszym osad wytrz膮sano z wod膮 rzeczn膮 i wod膮 destylowan膮 w czasie 12 tyg., oznaczaj膮c zawarto艣膰 badanych zwi膮zk贸w w wodzie i osadzie, obliczaj膮c wsp贸艂czynniki kumulacji analizowanych zwi膮zk贸w. W drugim etapie, w celu zbadania stabilno艣ci badanych zwi膮zk贸w, wod臋 rzeczn膮 wytrz膮sano bez i z dodatkiem HgCl2 przez 7 d. W trzecim etapie do wody rzecznej wraz z osadem dodano roztwory wzorcowe DDT, PCB i chlorofenoli i badano proces sorpcji w ci膮gu 7 d. Stwierdzono, 偶e proces sorpcji badanych zwi膮zk贸w na cz膮stkach osad贸w zachodzi艂 najintensywniej w ci膮gu kilku pierwszych d贸b kontaktu osad贸w z wod膮, a nast臋pnie stabilizowa艂 si臋. Wykazano, 偶e chlorofenole charakteryzowa艂y si臋 mniejsz膮 trwa艂o艣ci膮 i zdolno艣ci膮 do kumulacji w osadach ni偶 pestycydy chloroorganiczne i PCB. Nie zaobserwowano istotnych zmian zawarto艣ci badanych zwi膮zk贸w w osadzie nawet w przypadku ich wymywania do wody destylowanej, co 艣wiadczy o du偶ej stabilno艣ci po艂膮cze艅 (silne oddzia艂ywania hydrofobowe) tych zwi膮zk贸w z osadem. Mo偶na wnioskowa膰, 偶e w przypadku kontaktu osad贸w z wod膮 rzeczn膮 w warunkach wymieszania osad贸w (np. w czasie powodzi) proces przechodzenia tych zwi膮zk贸w do wody b臋dzie ograniczony.Sorption of organic pollutants in riverine water by bottom sediments accounts for their accumulation inside the bottom sediments while desorption of those pollutants from the bottom sediments can become a contributing factor in the recontamination of riverine water. The aim of the study was to examine the dynamics of the process of organic compound sorption (organochlorine pesticides, chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyls), using water-bottom sediments samples collected from the river Vistula downstream of Cracow. The experiments involved three stages. At the first one the bottom sediments samples were shaken with riverine and distilled water for 12 weeks, the contents of particular compounds in the water and in the bottom sediments were determined and their coefficients of accumulation were calculated. At the second stage the river water samples (with and without HgCl2 addition) were shaken for seven days in order to test the stability of the compounds examined. At the third stage the water-bottom sediments samples were added standard solutions of DDT, PCB and chlorophenols, and the sorption process was observed for seven days. The experimental results have revealed the following: the sorption of the compounds on the bottom sediments proceeded at the fastest rate during the first days of contact between bottom sediments and water and then stabilized; the stability of chlorophenols and their propensity to accumulation in the bottom sediments were lower as compared to those of organochlorine pesticides and PCB; no significant changes were observed in the concentrations of the compounds in the bottom sediments even when they were washed out into distilled water. This substantiates the strong hydrophobic interrelations between those substances and the bottom sediments. It can be concluded that if the bottom sediments are in contact with the river water under conditions of bottom sediments mixing (e.g. during flood), the penetration of those hazardous compounds into the water will be limited
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