Endogenous Population and Environmental Quality

This paper provides with empirical and theoretical studies of the relationship between population, economic growth and environmental quality. Using a simple endogenous growth model we obtain results close to empirical findings. We show existence of a sustainable balanced growth path (BGP) equilibrium in which perpetual economic growth goes in parallel with environmental quality preservation. At the BGP equilibrium, when all exogenous factors are controlled, a negative relationship between fertility rate and economic growth (termed neo-Malthusian relationship) and a negative relationship between population growth rate and environmental quality emerge.Environmental quality; Endogenous population; Endogenous growth; Deforestation

A semiparametric analysis of determinants of protected area.

We use a semiparametric additive model to study the relationship between protected area, income, trade, population, education, and political institutions in a sample of 89 countries. The results show the nonexistence of environmental Kuznets curve in the data sample. The study also points out the existence of nonlinearity in the relationship between protected area and the ratio of net secondary school enrollment.Education; environmental Kuznets curve; protected area; semipara-metric additive models

Economic Class and Labour Market Inclusion: Poor and Middle Class Workers in Developing Asia and the Pacific

Using an absolute definition of poverty and the middle class, this paper presents trends and estimates of the poor, near poor and middle class working population in developing Asia and the Pacific. It finds that since 1991 working poverty has fallen remarkably while middle class jobs now account for nearly two-fifths of all employment in the region (671 million middle class workers). However, a sizeable share of workers (around 28 per cent or 497 million) still live just above the poverty line and remain highly vulnerable to falling into poverty. The paper also applies a class-based framework for assessing inequality in the labour market, with a special focus on Cambodia, India, Indonesia and Viet Nam. It provides empirical evidence that economic participation is inversely related to affluence, while educational attainment and access to better quality jobs both increase with higher economic class status. In addition, it presents sex- and age-disaggregated analysis to highlight particular gaps for poor women and youth and the measures that can help strengthen their position in the labour market

Energy consumption and income : a semiparametric panel data analysis.

This paper proposes a semiparametric analysis for the study of the relationship between energy consumption per capita and income per capita for an international panel dataset. It shows little evidence for the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve for energy consumption. Energy consumption increases with income for a majority of countries and then stabilizes for very high income countries. Neither changes in energy structure nor macroeconomic cycle/technological change have significant effect on energy consumption.Energy consumption, environmental Kuznets curve, semiparametric panel model, nonstationarity.

Lotka-Volterra with randomly fluctuating environments: a full description

In this note, we study the long time behavior of Lotka-Volterra systems whose coefficients vary randomly. Benam and Lobry established that randomly switching between two environments that are both favorable to the same species may lead to four different regimes: almost sure extinction of one of the two species, random extinction of one species or the other and persistence of both species. Our purpose here is to provide a complete description of the model. In particular, we show that any couple of environments may lead to the four different behaviours of the stochastic process depending on the jump rates