Formulation of the membership function and determination of the input of fuzzy loads in the structural fuzzy analyzing problem

The fuzzy analyzing process consists of different steps. In this paper, the author considers only the method for formulation of the membership function of fuzzy loads acting on the structure. Based on the membership function of fuzzy loads, the combinations of deterministic of the regression analyzing process will be determined. The membership function of fuzzy loads is selected by the triangular membership function. It is in conformity with the concept on selection of loads in the design standards. The combination of inputs for the analyzing process will be determined, based on the number of present times of the value of input parameters (including the deterministic parameters, fuzzy parameters and the random ones) in the schema of analysis. The number of present times of input parameters is either proportional to value of the corresponding membership function or to the value of the probabilistic density function. A method for determining the appropriate combination of deterministic inputs so that each input parameter will present only one time in each combination is proposed. To illustrate the proposed method, an example on the determination of input combinations of tornado's velocity in Vietnam is presented

The unraveling of South Vietnam : inflation, corruption, and the American military presence, 1965-1975

This dissertation argues that military and political decisions made by U.S. policymakers to wage war in Vietnam produced economic consequences that severely undermined the entire American objective of preserving an independent, anticommunist South Vietnam. The escalation of war in 1965 ultimately sent over two million Americans to serve in combat or support roles in South Vietnam. The overwhelming presence of Americans, which peaked at over half a million in January 1969, in turn created numerous problems for the urban South Vietnamese population. The extraordinary amount of wealth brought into South Vietnam, including in the form of commodities, foreign aid, and American soldiers’ purchasing power, disrupted South Vietnamese society and economy. Due to high levels of inflation, the sudden influx of American wealth into a small developing country created incentives for South Vietnamese to work for the Americans, who provided better compensation than South Vietnamese employers. Those who worked for the South Vietnamese state in the armed forces and the civil service received fixed incomes and could not keep pace with growing wartime inflation. The inundation of American soldiers and dollars into the country also led to widespread corruption both among Americans and South Vietnamese, which I argue was destructive to state legitimacy in South Vietnam. Oftentimes, South Vietnamese citizens had to make the morally difficult choice to engage in corrupt actions in order to support their families. The American presence thus exacerbated socioeconomic inequality in South Vietnam and contributed to eroding the national morale of those tasked with serving and fighting on behalf of their country.Histor

A METHOD FOR TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS OF CONSTRUCTION

Non

A new method for determination of the reliability index of distributed parameter systems

In this paper, a method to determine the reliability - index of distributed systems is proposed. By the new method, instead of finding jointly probability depending on multi - conditions of inequalities one can find probability depending on only one inequality and no requiring to know jointly density function of basic variables. Therefore, it is very favourable for the calculation of the reliability - index of mechanical systems with distributed parameter. For illustrating the proposed method, a simple example is considere

An extension of the E. Melan's shakedown theorem of the elasto-plastic structure

Non

On the problem of optimal structure design subjected to regular lifetime criterion

The objective function of problem of optimal structure design can be chosen differently. For example the objective function can be the weight, the net cost, the regular resistance, the regular reliability, an so on. In this paper the problem of optimal structure design, subjected to regular lifetime condition for all elements is considered. The author sets up the problem, proposes an iterative method for solving and apply the obtained results to a simple example

A variable separation method for the calculation of the reliability of construction

In this paper, a variable separation method for determining the reliability of construction is proposed. Therefore, the reliability is a multiplication of two probabilities: The probability of the occurrence of load and the probability of construction in the condition the load has a determined value

Formation of secondary nonsulfide zinc ore in Cho Dien Pb-Zn deposits

In Viet Nam, non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit has been exploited for a long time. Up to the present, zinc ore remains the major exploited ore in Cho Dien. There are numerous studies of Pb-Zn ore in Cho Dien. However, most of the studies have dedicated only to description of mineralogical and chemical composition of Pb-Zn ore. There has been no publication on this non-sulfide zinc ore. Based on the mineralogical studies, the content of Pb and Zn in groundwater determined by reflective microscope, SEM, EPMA and ICP-MS methods, the study explained the formation of secondary non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit. Strong weathering process makes the upper part of ore bodies completely oxidized. Difference in geochemical behavior of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the oxidation process of Pb-Zn ore is the reason to form non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit. Oxidation of primary Pb-Zn ore is mainly sphalerite, pyrite, galena minerals which creates a low pH environment and transforms of zinc from immobile (sphalerite - ZnS) to mobile (Zn2+) and retained in solution under acid pH conditions whereas lead has the tendency to form soluble minerals (anglesite, cerussite). The acid neutralization actions of the surrounding rocks make zinc precipitate, to form secondary non-sulfide zinc minerals.ReferencesAndreas Nuspl, 2009. Genesis of nonsulfide zinc deposits and their future utilization (www.geo.tu-frei berg.de/oberseminar/OS_09/Andreas_Nuspl.pdf.Boland M.B., et al., 2003. The Shaimerden supergene zinc deposit, Kazakhstan: Economic Geology, 98(4), 787-795.Chau N.D., Jadwiga P., Adam P., D.V. Hao, L.K. Phon, J. Paweł, 2017. General characteristics of rare earth and radioactive elements in Dong Pao deposit, Lai Chau, Vietnam, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 39(1), 14-26.Dao Thai Bac, 2012. 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Society for geology applied to mineral deposits (SGA) News, Number 15. https://www.e-sga.org/fileadmin/sga/newsletter/news15/art01.html.McPhail D.C., et al., 2003, The geochemistry and mobility of zinc in the regolith: in Roach, I.C., ed., Advances in Regolith, 287-291.Murray W. Hitzman, et al., 2003. Classification, genesis, and exploration guides for non-sulfide zinc deposits: Economic Geology, 98(4), 685-714.Nguyen V.P., 2013. Wet tropical wethering in Viet Nam. Natural Science and Technology Publisher.Nicola Mondillo, 2013. Supergene Nonsulfide Zinc-Lead Deposits: The Examples of Jabali (Yemen) and Yanque (Peru). Doctoral thesis.Nordstrom D.K., Alpers C.N., 1999. Geochemistry of acid mine waste. Review in Economic Geology, the environmental geochemistry of ore deposits/Eds. G.S.Plumlee, M.J. Logsdon. Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues, 6A, 133-160.Reynolds N.A., et al., 2003. The Padaeng Supergene Nonsulfide Zinc Deposit, Mae Sod, Thailand. Economic Geology, 98(4), 773-785.Sangameshwar S.R., Barnes H.L., 1983. Supergene Processes in Zinc-Lead-Silver Sulfide Ores in Carbonates: Economic Geology, 78, 1379-1397.Stumm W., Morgan J.J., 1996. Aquatic Chemistry, Third Edition. John Wiley Sons, New York, NY.Takahashi T., 1960. Supergene alteration of zinc and lead deposits in limestone: Economic Geology, 55, 1083-1115.Thornber M.R. and Taylor G.F., 1992. The mechanisms of sulphide oxidation and gossan formation, in: Butt, C.R.M., and Zeegers H., (Eds.)., Regolith exploration geochemistry in tropical and subtropical terrains, in Govett G.J.S., ed., Handbook of exploration geochemistry: Amsterdam, Elsevier, 4, 119-138.Tran Trong Hoa, 2005. Potential assessment of By- products in lead-zinc and copper deposits of   Northeast Vietnam. Final report.Tran Tuan Anh, 2010. Studying accompanying component in the types of potential deposits of basic metals and precious - rare metals of north Viet Nam to improve the efficiency of mining and environmental protection. Final report. KC.08.24/06-10.Tran Tuan Anh, et al., 2011. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics and forming conditions of lead - zinc deposits  in Lo Gam structure, northern Vietnam. J. Sci. of the Earth, 33(3DB), 393-408 ( in Vietnamese).Vito Coppola et al., 2009. Nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Silesia - Cracow district, Southern Poland. Springer Link, 44, 559-580.Vito Coppola, et al., 2007. Non-sulfide zinc deposits in Upper Silesia, Southern Poland. Proceeding of the Ninth Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin, 1401-1404.Williams P.A., 1990. Oxide zone geochemistry: Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, UK, 286p.