The Effect of Off-farm Work on Production Intensity and Output Structure

Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management,

Urban Effects on Participation and Wages: Are there Gender Differences

This paper estimates participation and wage equations using panel data from the United Kingdom to explore gender differences in urban wage and participation premiums. The results suggest a small but economically significant urban participation premium for women but none for men. Results from the wage estimations suggest that after controlling for sample selectivity, observed and unobserved heterogeneity, the urban premium is larger for women. This wage premium is also larger for married or cohabiting women relative to others. There is also evidence of higher urban returns to experience for men and lower urban wage depreciation for both men and women

How effective are heuristic solutions for electricity planning in developing countries

Acknowledgement The first author would like to acknowledge the University of Aberdeen and the Henderson Economics Research Fund for funding his PhD studies in the period 2011-2014 which formed the basis for the research presented in this paper. The first author would also like to acknowledge the Macaulay Development Trust which funds his postdoctoral fellowship with The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland. The authors thank two anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. All usual caveats applyPeer reviewedPostprin

IS IT EASIER TO ESCAPE FROM LOW PAY IN URBAN AREAS? EVIDENCE FROM THE UK

In this paper we compare periods of low pay employment between rural and urban areas in the UK. Using the British Household Panel Survey, we estimate the probability that a period of low pay employment will end allowing for a number of possible outcomes, namely to a "high pay" job, self-employment, unemployment and out of the labour force. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in the dynamics of low pay across urban and rural labour markets, particularly in terms of exits to high pay and out of the labour force. After controlling for different personal and job characteristics across markets, rural low pay durations are slightly longer on average, with a lower probability that rural workers will move to high pay. However, the results suggest that the most significant urban-rural differences in the typical low pay experience are concentrated among certain types of individuals, e.g. young workers, women without qualifications.Labor and Human Capital,

Imperfection du marché du capital et investissement des exploitations agricoles

Le but de notre article est de rechercher les déterminants des décisions d’investissement des exploitants agricoles français en présence d’imperfections du marché du capital. Les contraintes d’accès au marché du crédit qui semblent jouer un rôle croissant en France sont prises en compte en intégrant des coûts de transaction associés aux emprunts et en définissant un plafond d’endettement. L’introduction de ces imperfections conduit à la simultanéité entre les décisions financières et les décisions d’investissement de l’exploitation. Un des résultats du modèle est de montrer que, pour comprendre les variations du taux d’investissement, il est nécessaire de différencier les exploitations ayant contracté des emprunts sur deux années successives. Le modèle est estimé sur données de panel en utilisant la méthode des moments généralisés. Le modèle n’est pas rejeté par les données pour le sous-échantillon des exploitations où le chef d’exploitation a une formation générale, le sous-échantillon des grandes exploitations.This article looks for the determinants of the investment decisions for French farmers in presence of imperfections of the capital market. The access constraints to the credit market which seems to play a growing role in France are taken into account by integrating transaction costs associated with borrowings and by defining restrictions on credit. One result of the model is that it is necessary to differentiate farms according to their borrowing behaviour to understand the variations of the rate of investment. This model has been tested and estimated with french farm level panel data using Generalised Method of Moments. The results indicate that the model using the perfect capital market assumption is rejected. In contrast, the equations using the sample selection rule from the theoretical model are not rejected for big farms and for farms which are conducted by farm operators who have a high general education level

Allowing for uncertainty in exogenous shocks to CGE models : the case of a new renewable energy sector

Funding Deb Roberts acknowledges funding support from the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) under Theme 8 ‘Vibrant Rural Communities’ of the Food, Land and People Programme (2011–2016).Peer reviewedPostprin

Private sector-owned mini-grids and rural electrification : A case study of wind-power in Kenya's tea industry

Acknowledgements We would like to thank the two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. All usual caveats apply.Peer reviewedPostprin

Repayment Performance of Joint-Liability Microcredits : Metropolitan Evidence on Social Capital and Group Names

Peer reviewe

Worker Incentives in the Banking Industry

Peer reviewedPostprin

THE DYNAMICS OF INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT IN RURAL CANADA: THE RISK OF POVERTY AND EXCLUSION

Food Security and Poverty, Labor and Human Capital,