补贴作为应对市场失灵的手段：欧盟国家援助政策对中国的启示

This paper discusses the role of subsidies in correcting market failures from the perspective of EU State aid policy. In recent years, one can notice a clear shift towards a 'more economic approach’ and a stronger focus on efficiency by the European Commission. However, this stronger focus on efficiency with regard to a politically sensitive area such as State aid is not self-evident, and also raises the question why other jurisdictions do not have a similar control on market intervention by States (US) or provinces (China). It also raises the question whether controlling the efficiency of government spending should be a task of the EU rathert han Member States. The aim of this paper is therefore to critically assess the changing goals of EU State aid policy, from market integration and equity to efficiency and fiscal discipline. Possible implications for China, in the form of a stricter control on subsidies,are also discussed

The impact of eco-innovation on environmental performance in different regional settings:new evidence from Chinese cities

Eco-innovation is crucial for pollutants emissions reduction and environmental improvement. However, little is known on how it functions in relation to different technology capabilities and regulations. Using economic and environmental information collected for 285 Chinese cities in the period of 2005–2017, this paper investigates how eco-innovation functions in different contexts. First, different from the existing literature that has mainly focused on direct eco-innovation, our study shows that indirect eco-innovation—spillovers from other regions—can have an even greater impact than direct eco-innovation. This demonstrates the importance of absorbing eco-innovation spillovers from other regions to reduce the amount of pollutants and strengthen environmental performance, in particular for regions without sufficient local R&amp;D capabilities. Second, this study investigates how different kinds of environmental regulation can function differently in stimulating new eco-innovation, which stresses the importance of differentiated instruments in incentivizing firms to adopt eco-innovation and maximize their contributions to environmental performance. In addition, our study also emphasizes the role that cities’ financial development plays in influencing the connection among eco-innovation, different kinds of environmental regulation and environmental performance. An understanding of these mechanisms is critical for the government to improve eco-innovation activities accordingly and make policies that fit specific regional contexts.</p

Evolving goals of EU state aid policy and possible lessons for China: A law and economics approach

This chapter discusses one of the main areas of EU competition law: State aid. Like other areas of EU competition law, such as abuse of dominance and merger control, there is a clear shift towards a ‘more economic approach’ and a stronger focus on efficiency. However, this stronger focus on efficiency with regard to a politically sensitive area such as State aid is not self-evident, and also raises the question why other jurisdictions do not have a similar control over market intervention by States (US) or provinces (China). It also raises the question whether controlling the efficiency of government spending should be a task of the EU rather than Member States. The aim of this chapter is therefore to critically assess the changing goals of EU State aid policy, from market integration and equity to efficiency and fiscal discipline. Possible implications for China are also discussed

The impact of eco-innovation on environmental performance in different regional settings:new evidence from Chinese cities

Eco-innovation is crucial for pollutants emissions reduction and environmental improvement. However, little is known on how it functions in relation to different technology capabilities and regulations. Using economic and environmental information collected for 285 Chinese cities in the period of 2005–2017, this paper investigates how eco-innovation functions in different contexts. First, different from the existing literature that has mainly focused on direct eco-innovation, our study shows that indirect eco-innovation—spillovers from other regions—can have an even greater impact than direct eco-innovation. This demonstrates the importance of absorbing eco-innovation spillovers from other regions to reduce the amount of pollutants and strengthen environmental performance, in particular for regions without sufficient local R&amp;D capabilities. Second, this study investigates how different kinds of environmental regulation can function differently in stimulating new eco-innovation, which stresses the importance of differentiated instruments in incentivizing firms to adopt eco-innovation and maximize their contributions to environmental performance. In addition, our study also emphasizes the role that cities’ financial development plays in influencing the connection among eco-innovation, different kinds of environmental regulation and environmental performance. An understanding of these mechanisms is critical for the government to improve eco-innovation activities accordingly and make policies that fit specific regional contexts.</p