Fuelling War or Buying Peace: The Role of Corruption in Conflicts

conflict, corruption, structural change

Resources for Peace? Managing Revenues from Extractive Industries in Post-Conflict Environments

Revenues from extractive sectors such as oil and gas, minerals, and logging play an important role in many post-conflict environments, often providing more than 30% of state fiscal receipts. When managed well, these revenues can help to finance postwar reconstruction and other vital peace-related needs. When mismanaged, however, resource revenues can undermine both economic performance and the quality of governance, thereby heightening the risk of renewed violence. This paper offers a number of proposals for managing revenues from extractive industries to better support peacebuilding.Extractive resources; oil revenues; peacebuilding; revenue-sharing

Influence of the cooling-rate on the glass transition temperature and the structural properties of glassy GeS2: an ab initio molecular dynamics study

Using density-functional molecular dynamics simulations we analyzed the cooling-rate effects on the physical properties of GeS$_2$ chalcogenide glasses. Liquid samples were cooled linearly in time according to $T(t) = T_0 - \gamma t$ where $\gamma$ is the cooling rate. We found that our model leads to a promising description of the glass transition temperature $T_g$ as a function of $\gamma$ and gives a correct $T_g$ for experimental cooling rates. We also investigated the dependence of the structural properties on the cooling rate. We show that, globally, the properties determined from our simulations are in good agreement with experimental values and this even for the highest cooling rates. In particular, our results confirm that, in the range of cooling rates studied here, homopolar bonds and extended charged regions are always present in the glassy phase. Nevertheless in order to reproduce the experimental intermediate range order of the glass, a maximum cooling rate should not be exceeded in numerical simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. To appear in J. Phys.: C

Estimating quasi-fiscal deficits in a consistency framework : the case of Madagascar

In practice, conventional measures of the fiscal deficit exclude the activities of public financial institutions. As a result, fiscal policies may be applied inappropriately when these institutions - especially the central bank - run large losses (the quasi-fiscal deficit). The macroeconomic effects of the quasi-fiscal deficit are similar to the effects of the deficit from other public entities - and should therefore be included in the public deficit. Conceptual and practical difficulties have so far precluded a definition of quasi-fiscal deficits that is operationally useful and comparable across countries. After studying the methodological and practical problems of treating quasi-fiscal deficits, the authors propose using a flow-of-funds format, which in principle could be standardized across countries. Using Madagascar as an example, they show that the public sector deficit is significantly undervalued if quasi-fiscal deficits are not considered. They contend that such deficits must be taken into account in assessing the success of adjustment problems and development strategies supported by the IMF and the World Bank.Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,National Governance