Size Dependence In The Disordered Kondo Problem

We study here the role randomly-placed non-magnetic scatterers play on the Kondo effect. We show that spin relaxation effects (with time $\tau_s^o$)in the vertex corrections to the Kondo self-energy lead to an exact cancellation of the singular temperature dependence arising from the diffusion poles. For a thin film of thickness $L$ and a mean-free path $\ell$, disorder provides a correction to the Kondo resistivity of the form $\tau_s^o/(k_FL\ell^2)\ln T$ that explains both the disorder and sample-size depression of the Kondo effect observed by Blachly and Giordano (PRB {\bf 51}, 12537 (1995)).Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, 2 Postscript figure

The bioenergetics of inflammation: insights into obesity and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders worldwide, and its incidence in Asian countries is alarmingly high. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is closely associated with obesity, and the staggering rise in obesity is one of the primary factors related to the increased frequency of T2DM. Low-grade chronic inflammation is also accepted as an integral metabolic adaption in obesity and T2DM, and is believed to be a major player in the onset of insulin resistance. However, the exact mechanism(s) that cause a persistent chronic low-grade infiltration of leukocytes into insulin-target tissues such as adipose, skeletal muscle and liver are not entirely known. Recent developments in the understanding of leukocyte metabolism have revealed that the inflammatory polarization of immune cells, and consequently their immunological function, are strongly connected to their metabolic profile. Therefore, it is hypothesized that dysfunctional immune cell metabolism is a central cellular mechanism that prevents the resolution of inflammation in chronic metabolic conditions such as that observed in obesity and T2DM. The purpose of this review is to explore the metabolic demands of different immune cell types, and identify the molecular switches that control immune cell metabolism and ultimately function. Understanding of these concepts may allow the development of interventions that can correct immune function and may possibly decrease chronic low-grade inflammation in humans suffering from obesity and T2DM. We also review the latest clinical techniques used to measure metabolic flux in primary leukocytes isolated from obese and T2DM patients.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 12 April 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.45

Christian Fundamentalists and Public Opinion Toward the Middle East: Israel's New Best Friends?

Although Christian fundamentalist elites have become increasingly vocal in their support for Israel in the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, it is not clear that this rhetoric has produced differing attitudes about U.S. foreign policy in public opinion. This article examines whether such differences exist, and whether they are rooted in aspects of fundamentalist eschatology. Copyright (c) 2004 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.