Modeling Willingness-to-Pay Values for Rural Bus Attributes Under Different Trip Purposes

Modeling Willingness-to-Pay Values for Rural Bus Attributes Under Different Trip Purpose

Seasonal variation of low-latitude E-region plasma irregularities studied using Gadanki radar and ionosonde

In this paper, we present seasonal variation of E region field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) observed using the Gadanki radar and compare them with the seasonal variation of Es observed from a nearby location SHAR. During daytime, FAIs occur maximum in summer and throughout the day, as compared to other seasons. During nighttime, FAIs occur equally in both summer and winter, and relatively less in equinoxes. Seasonal variations of Es (i.e. ftEs and fbEs) show that the daytime activity is maximum in summer and the nighttime activity is maximum in equinoxes. No relation is found between FAIs occurrence/SNR and ftEs/fbEs. FAIs occurrence, however, is found to be related well with (ftEs-fbEs ). This aspect is discussed in the light of the present understanding of the mid-latitude Es-FAIs relationship. The seasonal variations of FAIs observed at Gadanki are compared in detail with those of Piura, which show a significant difference in the daytime observations. The observed difference has been discussed considering the factors governing the generation of FAIs

Valuing Urban Bus Attributes: An Experience in Kolkata

The article presents the marginal willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates for various qualitative and quantitative attributes of travel with reference to the bus transportation system in Kolkata City, India. A stated choice experiment is designed to capture the responses for estimating marginal WTP values for various attributes. WTP values are estimated separately for commuting and noncommuting trips. The effects of model specification and socioeconomic parameters on WTP values are also studied. Estimates from standard multinomial logit (MNL) and different random parameter logit (RPL) models indicate that WTP values vary with model specification. In the process of developing RPL models, successful application of sparsely used constrained triangular distribution is also demonstrated

Modeling Willingness-to-Pay Values for Rural Bus Attributes Under Different Trip Purposes

Modeling Willingness-to-Pay Values for Rural Bus Attributes Under Different Trip Purpose

Gas hold - up structures in bubble column reactors

This article does not have an abstract